“It took many heroes to overturn legally enforced racial segregation. Students learn about Rosa Parks, but they also should learn about Private First-Class Sarah Keys.”—Alan J. Singer, author of <i>Class-Conscious Coal Miners: The Emergence of a Working-Class Movement in Central Pennsylvania</i><br /><br />“This beautifully rendered, long-overlooked chapter of civil rights history deserves to be widely known. Nathan and Sarah Keys Evans bring Sarah’s story to life with clarity and reverence, reminding us that Black women’s courage has always sat at the center of the American democratic project. In tracing the case that laid the legal groundwork for the Freedom Rides, they show how one woman’s refusal to move quite literally moved the nation.”—Blair LM Kelley, author of <i>Black Folk: The Roots of the Black Working Class</i><br /><br />". . . Evans was an accidental activist who did not intend to challenge racism. Nonetheless, she knew that she needed to act when her rights and dignity were being trampled. It’s an amazing story. What’s more, her example is a potent reminder that one person’s actions can actually change the world."—Eleanor J. Bader <i>The Turned Page></i>
Preface xi
1. Leading the Way 1
2. A Glimmer of Hope 4
3. Test Rides 27
4. Heading Home 34
5. “The Quietist of Us All” 42
6. Education Backstory: North Carolina 58
7. “Can Anything Be Done for My People?” 78
8. A Plan of Attack 102
9. Finding a Strategy 113
10. Never Give Up 125
11. Winning a Wider Victory 134
12. Moving On 147
13. Closing the Circle 167
Acknowledgments 185
Appendix. Transportation Heroes Brigade 189
Timeline 203
Notes 207
Sources 237
Index 271