Artificial intelligence (AI) and specifically large language models (LLMs) revolutionize our lives with new technologies appearing at an unprecedented rate. These technologies can potentially change how we understand human conversations, from the dialogues of married couples to diplomatic conversations. This book explains how to use LLMs to analyze human conversations and how better LLMs can be developed by incorporating a deep theoretical understanding. Drawing on case studies from Pulp Fiction to diplomatic meetings, the book provides detailed, approachable, and theoretically grounded explanations of how LLMs can help us understand conversations.