List of Contributors xi

Praise for the Handbook xvii

1 Navigating Translanguaging: Decoloniality, Fluid Simultaneity and Multimodalities 1
Ofelia García, Prem Phyak, Jerry Won Lee, and Li Wei

Part I Theoretical Foundations and Conceptual Frameworks 19

2 Integrating Languaging, Translanguaging, and Trans- semiotizing as Living Process: An Organicist- processual View 21
Paul J. Thibault and Angel M. Y. Lin

3 Waterscape Epistemologies, Waves of Knowing and Translanguaging as Wet Ontology 43
Sinfree Makoni and Alastair Pennycook

4 Languaging as Ritual 57
Adrian Blackledge

5 The Politics of “Meaning” in Translingual Practice 69
Suresh Canagarajah

6 Translanguaging and the Linguistic Capacity of Bilinguals 87
Ricardo Otheguy

7 A Raciolinguistic Perspective on Translanguaging 103
Nelson Flores

8 Translanguaging Triad: Resistance, Decoloniality, and Transformative Praxis in the Global South 117
Prem Phyak

9 Translanguaging and Bilingual Cognition 137
Nina Dumrukcic

10 Translanguaging, Transmodalities, and Transpositioning: Meaning- Making and Relationality in Communication 153
Margaret R. Hawkins

11 Methodological Challenges and Opportunities in Translanguaging 167
Jerry Won Lee

12 Ethics and Translanguaging Research: Researcher Identity, Participants’ Relationships 179
Finex Ndhlovu

Part II Translanguaging Education 195

13 Bilingual Education and Translanguaging 197
Zhongfeng Tian and Sunny Man Chu Lau

14 Translanguaging, Biliteracy, Multiliteracies, and Critical Literacy 217
Claudia G. Cervantes- Soon, Idalia Nuñez, and Suzanne García

15 Translanguaging, EMI, and Language- of- Instruction Policies and Practices 235
Shakina Rajendram and Anna Mendoza

16 Translanguaging in Foreign Language Education 251
Blake Turnbull

17 Community- Based Language Education and Translanguaging 265
Bahar Grillman, Jeehyae Chung, and Jayson Parba

18 Whakahokia te reo ki ngā uri whakaheke: Translanguaging as a Means of Responding to Historically Based Language Trauma 279
Awanui Te Huia, Corinne Seals, Maureen Muller, and Shanara Wallace

19 Translanguaging and Language Revitalization: Higher Education in Africa 297
Mbulungeni Madiba

20 Deaf Education: Translanguaging Through Tied Hands 313
Leala Holcomb, Gloshanda Lawyer, Anna Lim, and Hannah Dostal

21 From “Disordered” Language to Expansive Languaging: Understanding Translanguaging’s Relationship with Disability and Special Education 333
María Cioè- Peña, Maria Rosa Brea- Spahn, and Rebecca E. Linares

22 A Critical Translanguaging Lens on Assessment 349
Kate Seltzer and Jamie L. Schissel

Part III Making Connections and Broadening Horizons 365

23 Translanguaging: Uncovering Networks for Unspeakable Significance 367
Ofelia García and Nick Wong

24 Translanguaging, Individualization, and Unequal Englishes 385
Ruanni Tupas and Rhoda Myra Garces- Bacsal

25 Transpositioning 397
li Wei

26 Translanguaging and Visuality 409
Tong King Lee

27 Translanguaging, Creativity, and the Arts 427
Jessica Bradley

28 Translanguaging and the Digital World 445
Sara Vogel and Sender Dovchin

29 Translation and Translanguaging 459
Eriko Sato

30 Translanguaging, Gender, and Sexuality 477
Susan Ehrlich and Tommaso M. Milani

31 Translanguaging and Interculturality: Critical Issues in Researching Language, Culture, and Communication 491
Zhu Hua

32 From Translanguaging to Transraciality: Dispelling Boundaries of Race Through Critical Raciolinguistic Awareness and Radical Listening 511
Aurora Tsai, Samantha Harris, and Kevin M. Wong

33 Hard Translanguaging: A Mutualizing Practice of Abun- Dance 529
Ganyamatopé Dzapasi Tawona Sitholé and David Gramling

Index 545

"This Handbook will be an invaluable resource for researchers and educators who want to practice radical ways of knowing that disrupt and undo the classic borders of social science and humanities disciplines."
Karen Wells, Birkbeck, University of London

"This collection traces the cutting edge of research and practice in this growing field and sets the agenda for the future."
Shaun Gallagher, University of Memphis

"It is a must-read for students, researchers, educators, and policymakers."
John Chi-Kin Lee, The Education University of Hong Kong

"This groundbreaking Handbook is a monumental contribution to translanguaging scholarship."
Leketi Makalela, University of the Witwatersrand

"This volume eloquently articulates the need to mark the unmarked and to identify, interrogate and interrupt coloniality in language education."
Lynn Mario T. Menezes de Souza, Universidade de São Paulo

The Handbook of Translanguaging is the most comprehensive resource covering the theoretical foundations, educational applications, and interdisciplinary connections of this dynamic field. It features contributions by leading scholars and emerging voices from around the world.

Readers will find insightful explanations of the fundamentals of translanguaging with explorations into the impact of translanguaging research on language in education, society, and culture. Chapters also explore the relationship between translanguaging and other major theoretical perspectives in applied linguistics with insights into the future of this flourishing research field.

"This Handbook will be an invaluable resource for researchers and educators who want to practice radical ways of knowing that disrupt and undo the classic borders of social science and humanities disciplines, which are rooted in colonial and racializing logics. Advancing ways of securing epistemic justice, this Handbook will be of interest not only to linguists and educators but to anyone who wants to contribute to the building of a more just world"

Karen Wells

Professor of International Development & Childhood Studies,

Birkbeck, University of London

“The languages that each of us speaks today is a mesh of linguistic, semiotic and modal mixes. Translanguaging is an important topic because it is what we do. Accordingly, the studies in this new Handbook have practical applications, clearly in educational practice, but also in social, political, and institutional contexts.  This collection traces the cutting edge of research and practice in this growing field and sets the agenda for the future.”

Shaun Gallagher

Lillian and Morrie Moss Professor of Excellence in Philosophy, University of Memphis

Professorial Fellow, SOLA, University of Wollongong

“The Handbook, assembling a global interdisciplinary team of leading scholars, is an authoritative publication that presents groundbreaking research on translanguaging and illuminates complementary perspectives on language studies and education towards an ideal of inclusivity and social equity. It is a must-read for students, researchers, educators, and policymakers.”

John Chi-Kin Lee

President, Chair Professor of Curriculum and Instruction, and Director of Applied Policy Studies and Education Futures, The Education University of Hong Kong

“If translanguaging in its initial years was nothing less than decolonial avant la lettre, behold it here in full-fledged maturity. This volume eloquently articulates the need to mark the unmarked and to identify, interrogate and interrupt coloniality in language education.”

Lynn Mario T. Menezes de Souza

Professor of Language Education, Universidade de São Paulo

“This groundbreaking Handbook is a monumental contribution to translanguaging scholarship, offering a decolonial lens that disrupts linguistic hierarchies and challenges the colonial logics of named languages. With its focus on fluid simultaneity and multimodalities, it advances translanguaging beyond pedagogy into the realms of epistemic justice, relationality, and social transformation. Spanning foundational theories, education, and interdisciplinary intersections—including race, gender, disability, digital semiotics, and cognition—this volume redefines the study and practice of language in profound ways. An essential resource for anyone committed to reimagining linguistic diversity as a dynamic and liberatory force.

Leketi Makalela

Distinguished Professor of Languages and Literacies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa