Since the first systematic treatises on medicine in the Bible and Talmud were published in the seventeenth century, a great number of people, Jews and non-Jews, physicians, scientists, historians, clergy, and laymen have contributed, in varying degrees, to this field. The extraordinarily high number of Jews among Nobel Prize winners for medicine and physiology during the twentieth century attests to the age-old interest and expertise in medicine among Jews. Jewish medicine has recently been enriched by the addition of an entirely new rubric—Jewish medical ethics. Though deeply embedded in early biblical and rabbinic literature, Jewish medical ethics as a distinct discipline is only about forty years old and continues to flourish in response to the growing demand for ethical guidelines consonant with classic Jewish sources. The Encyclopedia of Medicine in the Bible and the Talmud includes many items related to Jewish medical ethics and serves as an important tool for those who wish to read about or research medical and related topics as found in traditional biblical and talmudic sources. The classic book on biblical and talmudic medicine, Biblisch-Talmudische Medizin (originally published in 1911), was translated into English by Dr. Fred Rosner This book gathers the medical and hygienic references found in the Jewish sacred, historical, and legal literatures. Dr. Rosner presents an extension and expansion on Preuss' book.