Martin Goodman’s forty years of scholarship in Roman history and ancient Judaism demonstrates how each discipline illuminates the other. In this volume, Martin’s colleagues and students follow his example by investigating Jews contemplating Jews and “others,” and “others” contemplating Jews.

Abbreviations Contributors Introduction  Kimberley Czajkowski and David Friedman Part 1: Looking In 1 Historiography in the Time of Stasis: Reflections on the Nationalistic Uprisings in Judea/Palestine  Jonathan Price 2 The Ban on Circumcision as a Cause of the Bar Kokhba Revolt: A Reconsideration  Aharon Oppenheimer z”l 3 “When I Die, Kill Those Elders”: The Twice-Told Tale of a Despot’s Death  Amram Tropper 4 Pitying Suppliant Animals  Shaye J. D. Cohen 5 Who Are Israel in the Mishnah and Tosefta?  Yehudah B. Cohn Part 2: Looking Out 6 Playing with the Moabites: Textual and Linguistic Reflections on Isaiah 15–16  H. G. M. Williamson 7 Greek Identity in Josephus’s Against Apion  Jonathan Davies 8 Josephus and Nicolaus on Arabs and Arabia  Daniel R. Schwartz 9 Calendars and Dates in the Early Decades of Provincia Arabia: A Reappraisal  Sacha Stern 10 The Rule of the Wise as an Alternative to Kingship and Democracy in Ancient Rabbinic and Philosophical Thought  Catherine Hezser 11 A Tale of Two Cities: Rome and Jerusalem in Jewish Eschatology between 70 CE and 135 CE  Philip Alexander Part 3: Looking Back Again 12 Monotheism and Religious Wars in Antiquity  Benjamin Isaac 13 Did First-Century Asian Jews Live in “Communities”?  Seth Schwartz 14 Jewish–Christian Polemic in Martyrium Pionii  William Horbury 15 Friendships between Jews and Christians in Antiquity  Markus Bockmuehl 16 Jerome, Jews, and “Hebrews”  Alison G. Salvesen 17 Rufinus of Aquileia’s Eusebian Therapeutae: A Monastic Reinterpretation of Philo’s De vita contemplativa  Sabrina Inowlocki 18 Antiochus Proposes, Shmoni Disposes: A Syriac Poem on the Martyrs of 2 Maccabees 7  Sebastian Brock 19 Josephus for Girls  Tessa Rajak Appendix: M. D. Goodman’s Publications Index of Ancient Sources Index of Authors Index of Subjects