1. Introduction to Pruning. 2. Plant Selection, Placement, and Management: The Best Way to Minimize Pruning Needs. 3. Tree Structure. 4. Tree Biology. 5. Pruning Cuts. 6. Pruning Tools. 7. When to Prune. 8. Nursery Shade Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Trunk and Leader. 9. Nursery Shade Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Crown. 10. Developing and Maintaining Special Forms. 11. Structural Pruning of Shade Trees in the Landscape: Strategies. 12. Structural Pruning of Shade Trees in the Landscape: Execution 13. Pruning Types on Established Trees. 14. Mature and Storm Damaged Trees. 15. Maintaining Special Trees and Sites. 16. Root Pruning. 17. Standards and Specifications. 18. Shrub Pruning.