Offering an overview of the history, perspectives, and developments of education in Indonesia since the country’s independence in 1945, in this book, the authors raise awareness of education's impact on national development in this unique context. With more than 50 million students, 3 million teachers, and 300,000 schools, Indonesia's most significant challenge for education is not only to improve access but also to improve the education quality to face the fast-paced world we live in today. The book traces the development of Indonesian education since 1945, highlighting its successes, failures, and responses to social, political, and economic changes. It addresses key issues such as legislation, school systems, education management, national policies, quality versus expansion, equity, curriculum, assessment, and unemployment. This book offers a nuanced understanding of the history of education in Indonesia and serves as a comparative reference for studies with other countries. The book will be a valuable resource for researchers, students, and scholars of comparative education, educational history, and Asian studies.