CHAPTER 1 GRAPHICS SYSTEMS AND MODELS 1 1.1 Applications of Computer Graphics 2 1.1.1 Display of Information 2 1.1.2 Design 3 1.1.3 Simulation and Animation 3 1.1.4 User Interfaces 4 1.2 A Graphics System 5 1.2.1 Pixels and the Framebuffer 5 1.2.2 The CPU and the GPU 6 1.2.3 Output Devices 7 1.2.4 Input Devices 9 1.3 Images: Physical and Synthetic 10 1.3.1 Objects and Viewers 10 1.3.2 Light and Images 12 1.3.3 Imaging Models 13 1.4 Imaging Systems 15 1.4.1 The Pinhole Camera 15 1.4.2 The Human Visual System 17 1.5 The Synthetic-Camera Model 18 1.6 The Programmer’s Interface 20 1.6.1 The Pen-Plotter Model 21 1.6.2 Three-Dimensional APIs 23 1.6.3 A Sequence of Images 26 1.6.4 The Modeling—Rendering Paradigm 27 1.7 Graphics Architectures 28 1.7.1 Display Processors 29 1.7.2 Pipeline Architectures 29 1.7.3 The Graphics Pipeline 30 1.7.4 Vertex Processing 31 1.7.5 Clipping and Primitive Assembly 31 1.7.6 Rasterization 32 1.7.7 Fragment Processing 32 1.8 Programmable Pipelines 32 1.9 Performance Characteristics 33 1.10 OpenGL Versions and WebGL 34 Summary and Notes 36 Suggested Readings 36 Exercises 37   CHAPTER 2 GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING 39 2.1 The Sierpinski Gasket 39 2.2 Programming Two-Dimensional Applications 42 2.3 The WebGL Application Programming Interface 47 2.3.1 Graphics Functions 47 2.3.2 The Graphics Pipeline and State Machines 49 2.3.3 OpenGL and WebGL 50 2.3.4 The WebGL Interface 50 2.3.5 Coordinate Systems 51 2.4 Primitives and Attributes 53 2.4.1 Polygon Basics 55 2.4.2 Polygons in WebGL 56 2.4.3 Approximating a Sphere 57 2.4.4 Triangulation 58 2.4.5 Text 59 2.4.6 Curved Objects 60 2.4.7 Attributes 61 2.5 Color 62 2.5.1 RGB Color 64 2.5.2 Indexed Color 66 2.5.3 Setting of Color Attributes 67 2.6 Viewing 68 2.6.1 The Orthographic View 68 2.6.2 Two-Dimensional Viewing 71 2.7 Control Functions 71 2.7.1 Interaction with the Window System 72 2.7.2 Aspect Ratio and Viewports 73 2.7.3 Application Organization 74 2.8 The Gasket Program 75 2.8.1 Sending Data to the GPU 78 2.8.2 Rendering the Points 78 2.8.3 The Vertex Shader 79 2.8.4 The Fragment Shader 80 2.8.5 Combining the Parts 80 2.8.6 The initShaders Function 81 2.8.7 The init Function 82 2.8.8 Reading the Shaders from the Application 83 2.9 Polygons and Recursion 83 2.10 The Three-Dimensional Gasket 86 2.10.1 Use of Three-Dimensional Points 86 2.10.2 Naming Conventions 88 2.10.3 Use of Polygons in Three Dimensions 88 2.10.4 Hidden-Surface Removal 91 Summary and Notes 93 Suggested Readings 94 Exercises 95   CHAPTER 3 INTERACTION AND ANIMATION 99 3.1 Animation 99 3.1.1 The Rotating Square 100 3.1.2 The Display Process 102 3.1.3 Double Buffering 103 3.1.4 Using a Timer 104 3.1.5 Using setAnimFrame 105 3.2 Interaction 106 3.3 Input Devices 107 3.4 Physical Input Devices 108 3.4.1 Keyboard Codes 108 3.4.2 The Light Pen 109 3.4.3 The Mouse and the Trackball 109 3.4.4 Data Tablets,Touch Pads, and Touch Screens 110 3.4.5 The Joystick 111 3.4.6 Multidimensional Input Devices 111 3.4.7 Logical Devices 112 3.4.8 Input Modes 113 3.5 Clients and Servers 115 3.6 Programming Event-Driven Input 116 3.6.1 Events and Event Listeners 117 3.6.2 Adding a Button 117 3.6.3 Menus 119 3.6.4 Using Keycodes 120 3.6.5 Sliders 121 3.7 Position Input 122 3.8 Window Events 123 3.9 Picking 125

Engage Students Immediately with 3D Material A top-down, programming-oriented approach allows for coverage of engaging 3D material early in the course so students immediately begin to create their own graphics.Low-level algorithms (for topics such as line drawing and filling polygons) are presented after students learn to create graphics.

Introduce Computer Graphics Programming with WebGL and JavaScript WebGL is used throughout the 7th Edition, as opposed to OpenGL in the 6th Edition. WebGL is not only fully shader-based—each application must provide at least a vertex shader and a fragment shader—but also a version that works within the latest web browsers.WebGL’s extensive capabilities and well-defined architecture lead to a strong foundation for teaching both theoretical and practical aspects of the field and for teaching advanced concepts, including texture mapping, compositing, and programmable shaders.All code is written in JavaScript, the language of the web. Over the past few years, JavaScript has become increasingly more powerful and the authors’ experience is that students who are comfortable with Java, C, or C++ will have little trouble programming in JavaScript.All code runs in recent web browsers.A new chapter on interaction emphasises the ease and flexibility with which event-driven input can be integrated with WebGL through HTML5.Additional material on render-to-texture has been added. These techniques have become fundamental to using GPUs for a variety of compute-intensive applications such as image processing and simulation.Additional material on displaying meshes has been added.An efficient matrix–vector package is included.An introduction to agent-based modeling has been added.