INTRODUCTION (Grote and Röder) PREFACE (Grote and Röder) PART I: CONSTITUTIONALISM AND ISLAM: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 1. Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: A Contemporary Perspective of Islamic Law (Kamali) 2. The Centrality of Shar?'ah to Government and Constitutionalism in Islam (Abou El Fadl) 3. The Separation of Powers in the Tradition of Islamic Statehood (Quraishi) PART II: INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN CONSTITUTIONALISM AND SHARI'A: ANTAGONISM OR COMPLEMENTARITY? 1. Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: A Survey from the Perspective of International Law (Wolfrum) 2. The Limited Applicability of Shar?'ah under the Constitution of Nigeria (Ebeku) 3. Constitutionalism in the Maghreb: Between French Heritage and Islamic Concepts (Le Roy) 4. The Relation between Constitution and Shar?'ah in Egypt (Sherif) 5. Secularism in Islamic Countries: Turkey as a Model (Özbudun) 6. The Kingdom of Jurists: Constitutionalism in Iran (Arjomand) 7. Islam and the Constitutional Foundations of Pakistan (Lau) 8. Constitutionalism, Islam and National Identity in Malaysia (Harding) PART III: INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL OF CONSTITUTIONALISM 1. Models of Institutional Control: The Experience of Islamic Countries (Grote) 2. Constitutional Jurisdiction and its Limits in the Maghreb (Gallala) 3. The Turkish Constitutional Court as a Defender of the Raison d'Etat (Can) 4. A Different Approach to the Control of Constitutionalism: Iran's Guardian Council (Shirvani) 5. The Last Defender of Constitutional Reason? Pakistan's Embattled Supreme Court (Khan) 6. Malaysia: The Politics of the Judiciary (Lee) PART IV: CONSTITUTIONALISM AND SEPARATION OF POWERS 1. The Separation of Powers: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (Röder) 2. Strong Presidentialism: The Model of Egypt (Bernard-Maugiron) 3. The Separation of Powers in a Fragmented State: The Case of Lebanon (Koch) 4. Yemen: A Burgeoning Democracy on the Arab Peninsula? (Shamiri / Würth / Glosemeyer) 5. Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Limits of Islam (Akbarzadeh) 6. The Rise of Presidentialism in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Example of Kazakhstan (Kembayev) 7. Westminster Democracy in an Islamic Context: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia (Grote) 8. Indonesia: A Presidential System with Checks and Balances (Hosen) PART V: EMERGING CONSTITUTIONS IN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES 1. Constitution-Making in Islamic Countries - A Theoretical Framework (Afsah) 2. Constitutionalism and Islam in Libya (Mezran) 3. Shar?'ah and Human Rights in the Interim Constitution of Sudan (Böckenförde) 4. Statehood and Constitution Building in Somalia: Islamic Responses to a Failed State (Elliesie) 5. Constitution-Making and State-Building: Redefining the Palestinian Nation (Khalil) 6. The Protection of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories (Cotran / Brown) 7. Islam and the State in Iraq: The Post-2003 Constitutions (Istrabadi) 8. Constitutional Legitimacy in Iraq: What Role Local Context? (Al-Ali) 9. The Separation of Powers and the Problem of Constitutional Interpretation in Afghanistan (Hashimzai) 10. Constitutionalism in an Islamic Republic: The Principles of the Afghan Constitution and the Conflicts between them (Moschtaghi) LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS INDEX

"This is an ambitious, almost brash, collection. It seeks to bring together historical, legal, religious, political, and philosophical analysis in order to understand both the relationship between Islam and constitutionalism and the actual constitutional experiences of Muslim societies. The editors and contributors are to be commended for pooling their efforts to produce both breadth and depth. This will be a standard reference on the subject for many years to come." --Nathan J. Brown, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, George Washington University "This volume is, without a doubt, the new standard for the field of constitutionalism and Islamic law. It is comprehensive in scope, sophisticated in its application and subtle in its identification of problems. It gathers in one place the absolute top authorities on the historical, conceptual, legal and political dimensions of constitutionalism in the Muslim world. There is no other single volume which comes close to accomplishing what this one has." --Andrew March, Associate Professor of Political Science, Yale University "This book is a solid, comprehensive, and enticing contribution to constitutionalism in the Muslim world. Some chapters provide novel and detailed studies of countries which have rarely been the subject of serious interest, and others revisit the experience of modern constitutionalism in places like Iran and Egypt with a fresh view drawn from the experience of constitutional courts and councils. Röder and Grote have succeeded in bringing in one volume an impressive collection of scholarly contributions in an understudied and crucial field at a time of great upheaval-and great need-in the Middle East and the Muslim world at large." --Chibli Mallat, The Custodian of the Two Holy Places Visiting Professor in Islamic Legal Studies, Harvard Law School "This volume presents a solid basis for further insight and research and should feature in any library dedicated to constitutionalism or the constitutions in the region." -Arab Regional Forum News, Dr. Achim-Rüdiger Börner, Attorney at law, Cologne

Selling point: Provides an examination of the relationship between Islam and certain key elements of modern constitutionalism in the Western tradition from both a historical and a contemporary perspective Selling point: Undertakes a comprehensive comparative survey of the scope, meaning and application of certain clauses, which define the role of Islam and the Sharia within a number of carefully selected constitutions in order to determine to what extent, if any, they have effectively shaped the operation of the constitutional systems of their respective countries Selling point: Provides country-specific case studies on the relationship between Islam on the one hand and the rule of law and human rights on the other, within contemporary Islamic societies Selling point: Includes a section to the so-called emerging constitutions, which are often born in times of crisis, and in response to a total or partial breakdown of the state. These constitutions have been drafted or are being drafted with a varying degree of support and assistance from the international community, frequently resulting in a fusion of modern ideas of constitutional government and moderate Islamist concepts

Rainer Grote is a Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg and an Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Göttingen, Germany. He was a Visiting Professor at universities in France (Paris II), Turkey, and Chile and has worked as a legal expert and consultant on law reform projects in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. He is a coeditor of Constitutions of the Countries of the World (OUP) and teaches and writes in the fields of constitutional law, comparative law and public international law. Tilmann J. Röder is a Senior Research Fellow and Head of the Asia and North Africa Projects of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, Germany. His recent research has focused on the subjects of rule of law and constitution building in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya, and Kashmir. Together with Rainer Grote he organizes an ongoing series of lectures on Law & Development. He holds a law degree from Humboldt University of Berlin and a doctorate degree from Goethe University Frankfurt.

Selling point: Provides an examination of the relationship between Islam and certain key elements of modern constitutionalism in the Western tradition from both a historical and a contemporary perspective Selling point: Undertakes a comprehensive comparative survey of the scope, meaning and application of certain clauses, which define the role of Islam and the Sharia within a number of carefully selected constitutions in order to determine to what extent, if any, they have effectively shaped the operation of the constitutional systems of their respective countries Selling point: Provides country-specific case studies on the relationship between Islam on the one hand and the rule of law and human rights on the other, within contemporary Islamic societies Selling point: Includes a section to the so-called emerging constitutions, which are often born in times of crisis, and in response to a total or partial breakdown of the state. These constitutions have been drafted or are being drafted with a varying degree of support and assistance from the international community, frequently resulting in a fusion of modern ideas of constitutional government and moderate Islamist concepts