Part One: Definition and Measurement 1. Defining and Measuring Poverty 2. The Extent of Child Poverty 3. Measuring Child Health Part Two: Evidence of Child Health Inequalities 4. Historical Evidence Linking Poverty and Child Health in Developed Countries 5. Poverty and Child Health in Less Developed Countries 6. Poverty and Child Health in Developed Countries Part Three: The Causal Debate 7. “Race”, Ethnicity, Poverty and Child Health 8. The Causal Debate 9. Mechanisms, Causal Models and Pathways Part Four: Social and Health Policy Implications 10. Social Policy Implications 11. Innovative Health Service Approaches and Future Research Directions 12. Conclusions