This book gathers the proceedings of the 2018 Abel Symposium, which was held in Geiranger, Norway, on June 4-8, 2018. This volume presents papers on various research directions, notably including applications in neuroscience, materials science, cancer biology, and immune response.

A fractal dimension for measures via persistent homology.- DTM-based filtrations.- Persistence diagrams as diagrams: a categorification of the stability theorem.- The persistence landscape and some of its properties.- Topological approaches to deep learning.- Topological data analysis of single-cell Hi-C contact maps.- Neural ring homomorphisms and maps between neural codes.- Radius functions on Poisson–Delaunay mosaics and related complexes experimentally.- Iterated integrals and population time series analysis.- Prediction in cancer genomics using topological signatures and machine learning.- Topological adventures in neuroscience.- Percolation on homology generators in codimension one.- Hyperplane neural codes and the polar complex.- Analysis of dynamic graphs and dynamic metric spaces via zigzag persistence.- Canonical stratifications along bisheaves.- Inverse problems in topological persistence.- Sparse circular coordinates via principal Z-bundles.- Same but different: distance correlations between topological summaries.- Certified mapper: repeated testing for acyclicity and obstructions to the nerve lemma.