UNIT I Foundations in Theory 1 Mental Health and Mental Illness Mental Health and Mental Illness Mental Health Mental Illness Mental Health Continuum Determinants of Mental Health Perceptions of Mental Health and Mental Illness Nature Versus Nurture National Influences on Mental Health Care Consumer Movement and Mental Health Recovery Decade of the Brain Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health Human Genome Project President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health Institute of Medicine Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative Research Domain Criteria Initiative National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline Addressing a National Mental Health Crisis Legislation and Mental Health Funding Mental Health Parity Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Comorbidity Incidence and Prevalence Clinical Epidemiology Classification of Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders International Classification of Diseases Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Classification of Nursing Diagnoses Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Education Trends Impacting Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 2 Theories and Therapies Psychoanalytic Theories and Therapies Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy Implications of Freudian Theory for Nursing Practice Interpersonal Theories and Therapies Interpersonal Theory Interpersonal Therapy Implications of Interpersonal Theory to Nursing Behavioral Theories and Therapies Classical Conditioning Theory Behavioral Theory Operant Conditioning Theory Behavior Therapy Implications of Behavior Theory to Nursing Cognitive Theories and Therapies Rational-Emotive Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Implications of Cognitive Theory for Nursing Humanistic Theories Theory of Human Motivation Implications of Motivation Theory for Nursing Biological Theories and Therapies Biological Model Biological Therapies Implications of the Biological Model for Nursing Developmental Theories Cognitive Development Theory of Psychosocial Development Theory of Object Relations Theories of Moral Development Ethics of Care Theory Conclusion Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 3 Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology Functions of the Brain Maintenance of Homeostasis Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System and Hormones Control of Biological Drives and Behavior Conscious Mental Activity Cellular Composition of the Brain Neurons Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter Inactivation Organization of the Brain Brainstem Hypothalamus Cerebellum Cerebrum Visualizing the Brain Structural Imaging Techniques Functional Imaging Techniques Disturbances of Mental Function Genetics Neurotransmitters Pharmacotherapy Action of Psychotropic Medications Antianxiety Agents Sleep-Wake Medications Antidepressant Medications Mood Stabilizers Antipsychotic Medications Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Neurocognitive Medication Herbal Treatments Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review UNIT II Foundations for Practice 4 Treatment Settings Background Continuum of Care Outpatient Care Outpatient Care Settings Prevention in Outpatient Care Outpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care Inpatient Care Inpatient Care Settings Considerations for Inpatient Care Inpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care Specialty Treatment Settings Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 5 Cultural Implications Race Ethnicity and Culture Race Ethnicity Culture Measuring Race and Ethnicity in the United States Demographic Shifts in the United States Diversity Equality Equity and Inclusion Diversity Equality Equity Inclusion Social Determinants of Health Worldviews Western Tradition Eastern Tradition Indigenous Culture Impact of Culture Cultural Barriers to Mental Health Services Communication Barriers Stigma of Mental Illness Misdiagnosis Cultural Concepts of Distress Cultural Idioms Cultural Explanations Cultural Syndromes Genetic Variation in Pharmacodynamics Special At-Risk Populations Immigrants Refugees Poverty Culturally Congruent Care Cultural Competemility Cultural Awareness Cultural Knowledge Cultural Encounters Cultural Skill Cultural Desire Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 6 Ethical and Legal Considerations Ethics in Psychiatric Nursing Ethical Principles Genetic Ethical Issues Legal Issues in Psychiatric Nursing Hospitalization Patients’ Rights Under the Law Laws Relevant to Psychiatric Nursing Intentional Torts Unintentional Torts Standards for Nursing Care State Boards of Nursing Professional Associations Institutional Policies and Procedures Custom as a Standard of Care Acting on Questionable Practice Negligence Irresponsibility or Impairment State Laws Documentation of Care Medical Records and Quality Improvement Medical Records as Evidence Guidelines for Electronic Documentation Forensic Nursing Violence in the Psychiatric Setting Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review UNIT III Psychosocial Nursing Tools 7 The Nursing Process and Standards of Care The Nursing Process Assessment Age Considerations Language Barriers Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Assessment Gathering Data Validating the Assessment Using Rating Scales Diagnosis Diagnostic Statements Types of Nursing Diagnoses Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Registered Nurse Implementation Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Interventions Evaluation Documentation Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 8 Therapeutic Relationships Concepts Central to the Nurse-Patient Relationship Importance of Talk Therapy Goals and Functions Personal Versus Therapeutic Relationships Relationship Boundaries and Roles Peplau’s Model of the Nurse-Patient Relationship Preorientation Phase Orientation Phase Working Phase Termination Phase Factors that Promote Patients’ Growth Genuineness Empathy Positive Regard Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 9 Therapeutic Communication Theoretical Models of Communication The Transactional Model of Communication Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory Factors That Affect Communication Personal Factors Environmental Factors Relationship Factors Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Interaction of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Therapeutic Communication Techniques Silence Active Listening Clarifying Techniques Questions Nontherapeutic Communication Excessive Questioning Cultural Considerations Communication Style Eye Contact Touch Cultural Filters The Counseling Session Preparing for the Session Introductions Tactics to Avoid Behaviors That Support Counseling Evaluation of Communication Skills Information Communication Technologies Telehealth Mobile Applications Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 10 Stress Responses and Stress Management Adverse Childhood Experiences Responses to and Effects of Stress Early Stress Response Theories Immune System Stress Responses Mediators of the Stress Response Perception Individual Temperament Social Support Support Groups Culture Spirituality and Religion Nursing Management of Stress Responses Measuring Stress Assessing Coping Styles Managing Stress Through Relaxation Techniques Other Ways to Relax Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review UNIT IV Psychobiological Disorders 11 Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Disorders General Nursing Care for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Assessment Implementation Teamwork and Safety Disruptive Behavior Management Intellectual Developmental Disorder Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Autism Spectrum Disorder Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcome Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Specific Learning Disorder Communication Disorders Language Disorder Speech Sound Disorder Child-Onset Fluency Disorder Social Communication Disorder Motor Disorders Developmental Coordination Disorder Stereotypic Movement Disorder Tic Disorders Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 12 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder Schizophreniform Disorder Schizoaffective Disorder Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Schizophrenia Clinical Picture Phases of Schizophrenia Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 13 Bipolar and Related Disorders Bipolar Disorders Bipolar I Disorder Bipolar II Disorder Cyclothymic Disorder Other Bipolar Disorders Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 14 Depressive Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Other Depressive Disorders Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 15 Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Anxiety Levels of Anxiety Defenses Against Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Clinical Picture Separation Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobias Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Other Anxiety Disorders Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder Other Compulsive Disorders Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 16 Trauma- Stressor-Related and Dissociative Disorders Trauma-Related Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcome Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Acute Stress Disorder Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Psychological Therapies Adjustment and Attachment Disorders Adjustment Disorder Attachment Disorders Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 17 Somatic Symptom Disorders Somatic Symptom Disorder Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Guidelines for Nursing Care Treatment Modalities Illness Anxiety Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Guidelines for Nursing Care Treatment Modalities Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Guidelines for Nursing Care Treatment Modalities Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition Epidemiology Risk Factors Guidelines for Nursing Care Treatment Modalities Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Factitious Disorder Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Nursing Care Associated With Factitious Disorders Treatment Modalities Malingering Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 18 Eating and Feeding Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Bulimia Nervosa Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Binge-Eating Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Feeding Disorders Pica Rumination Disorder Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 19 Sleep-Wake Disorders Sleep Consequences of Sleep Loss Irregular Sleep Too Much Sleep Normal Sleep Cycle Life Cycle Sleep Patterns Regulation of Sleep Functions of Sleep Sleep Requirements Sleep-Wake Disorders Sleep Disorders Insomnia Disorder Hypersomnolence Disorder Narcolepsy Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Central Sleep Apnea Sleep-Related Hypoventilation Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Parasomnias Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders Nightmare Disorder Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Restless Legs Syndrome Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder Diagnosing Sleep Disorders Comorbidity Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities for Insomnia Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 20 Sexual Dysfunction Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic Disorders Sexuality Sexual Dysfunction Clinical Picture Sexual Disorders Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Gender Dysphoria Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Nursing Care for Gender Dysphoria Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Paraphilic Disorders Exhibitionistic Disorder Fetishistic Disorder Frotteuristic Disorder Pedophilic Disorder Sexual Sadism Disorder and Sexual Masochism Disorder Transvestic Disorder Voyeuristic Disorder Paraphilic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified Epidemiology Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 21 Impulse Control Disorders Oppositional Defiant Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Conduct Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Intermittent Explosive Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Pyromania and Kleptomania Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 22 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Substance Use Disorders Concepts Central to Substance Use Disorders Scheduled Drugs Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Clinical Picture Caffeine Cannabis Use Disorder Hallucinogen Use Disorder Inhalant Use Disorder Opioid Use Disorder Sedative Hypnotic and Antianxiety Medication Use Disorder Stimulant Use Disorder Tobacco Use Disorder Gambling Disorder Alcohol Use Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Types of Problematic Drinking Alcohol Intoxication Alcohol Withdrawal Cognitive Disturbances Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Systemic Effects Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Continuum of Care for Substance Use Disorders Detoxification Rehabilitation Sober Houses and Halfway Houses Other Housing Partial Hospitalization Program Intensive Outpatient Programs Outpatient Treatment Alcoholics Anonymous Relapse Prevention Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 23 Neurocognitive Disorders Delirium Clinical Picture Epidemiology Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Mild and Major Neurocognitive Disorders Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Major Neurocognitive Disorders Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Picture Epidemiology Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions 24 Personality Disorders Overview Cluster A Personality Disorders Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Cluster B Personality Disorders Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster C Personality Disorders Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Antisocial Personality Disorder Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review NGN Case Study and Questions UNIT V Trauma Interventions 25 Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Suicide Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatments Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 26 Crisis and Disaster Crisis Characteristics Perception of the Event Situational Support Coping Mechanisms Crisis Theory Lindemann’s Symptoms of Acute Grief Caplan’s Crisis Intervention Strategies Types and Phases of Crises Types of Crises Phases of Crisis Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Crisis Call Lines Warm Lines Crisis Intervention Teams Crisis Stabilization Facilities Psychiatric Advance Directive Plan Disaster Response Disaster Management Continuum Disaster Management Context Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 27 Anger Aggression and Violence Overview of Anger Aggression and Violence Clinical Picture Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Biological Treatment Psychological Therapies Anger Aggression and Violence in General Hospital Settings Patients With Healthy Coping Skills Who Are Overwhelmed Patients With Marginal Coping Skills Patients With Cognitive Deficits Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 28 Child Older Adult and Intimate Partner Violence Overview of Abuse Types of Abuse Crisis Situation The Perpetrator and the Vulnerable Person Child Abuse Epidemiology Comorbidity Risk Factors Intimate Partner Violence Epidemiology Risk Factors Cycle of Violence Older Adult Abuse Epidemiology Risk Factors Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Individual Therapy Family Therapy Group Therapy Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 29 Sexual Assault Sexual Violence Sexual Assault Rape Stalking Legal Issues With Sexual Assault Rape and Stalking Epidemiology Sexual Assault Rape Stalking Clinical Picture Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Psychological Therapies Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review UNIT VI Interventions for Special Populations 30 Dying Death and Grieving Death and Dying An Aging Population Models for End-of-Life Care Death and Dying Theory Facilitating Death Artificial Nutrition and Hydration Euthanasia Medical Aid in Dying Advance Care Planning Advance Directives Provider Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Nursing Care at the End of Life Communication Art of Presence Symptom Management Anticipatory Grief Palliative Care for Patients With Dementia Developmental Tasks in Dying The Dying Process Grieving Grieving Theories Grief and Technology Grief Versus Major Depressive Disorder Types of Grief and Associated Nursing Care Self-Care Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 31 Older Adults Aging Demographics Statistics Life Expectancy Chronological Age Chronic Illness Late-Life Mental Illness Major Depressive Disorder Anxiety Disorders Neurocognitive Disorders Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders Pain in Older Adults Barriers to Accurate Pain Assessment Assessment Tools Pain Management Healthcare Concerns of Older Adults Financial Burden Caregiver Burden Ageism Healthcare Decision-Making Advance Directives Guardianship Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Treatment Settings Hospital-Based Care Home-Based Services Residential Care Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 32 Serious Mental Illness Overview of Serious Mental Illness The Concept of Serious Mental Illness Mental Illness Statistics Impact of SMIs The Development of Serious Mental Illness and Age Considerations Development of Serious Mental Illness Special Populations Issues Confronting Individuals With Serious Mental Illness Establishing a Meaningful Life Comorbid Conditions Social Problems Economic Challenges Caregiver Burden Treatment Issues Serious Mental Illness Resources Rehabilitation Versus Recovery Two Models of Care Comprehensive Community Treatment Substance Use Treatment Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches Assertive Community Treatment Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Enhancement Therapy Family Support and Partnerships Social Skills Training Vocational Rehabilitation and Related Services Other Treatment Approaches Court-Involved Intervention Consumer-Run Programs Peer Support Technology Exercise Nursing Care of Patients With Serious Mental Illness Assessment Strategies Intervention Strategies Evaluation Current Issues Affecting Individuals With Serious Mental Illness Outpatient Commitment Criminal Offenses and Incarceration Deinstitutionalization and Transinstitutionalization Inadequate Access to Care Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 33 Forensic Nursing Forensic Nursing Education Roles and Functions of Forensic Nurses Forensic Psychiatric Nursing Education and Training Roles and Functions of Forensic Psychiatric Nurses Correctional Nursing Demographics of Incarceration Constitutional Right to Healthcare Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Treatment for Psychiatric Conditions Discharge Planning Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review UNIT VII Other Intervention Modalities 34 Therapeutic Groups Psychiatric Nursing Care in Groups From Group to Therapeutic Group Concepts Common to All Groups Expected Outcomes for Groups Phases of Group Development Planning Phase Orientation Phase Working Phase Termination Phase Post-Group Issues Evaluation and Follow-Up Group Roles and Therapeutic Frameworks Group Participant Roles Therapeutic Framework for Groups Nurses as Group Leaders Styles of Leadership Group Leader Supervision Ethical Issues in Group Therapy Dealing With Challenging Member Behaviors Monopolizing Group Member Disruptive Group Member Silent Group Member Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 35 Family Interventions Family Structure Family Functions Family Therapy Overview of Family Therapy Concepts Central to Family Therapy Triangulation Application of the Nursing Process Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Treatment Modalities Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review 36 Integrative Care Integrative Care in the United States Consumers and Integrative Care Integrative Nursing Care Integrative Care Education and Certification Classification of Integrative Care Nutritional Approaches Mind-Body Approaches Other Complementary Therapies Historical Notes Regarding CAM Traditional Chinese Medicine Ayurvedic Medicine Key Points to Remember Clinical Judgment Chapter Review Index