The Encyclopedia presents a comprehensive overview of strategy-as-practice research and the scholarly community behind it. Covering essential theoretical resources, methods, phenomena and community infrastructures, it provides inspiration for conducting strategy-as-practice research and for engaging meaningfully with its vibrant global community.

Contents Preface xv Introduction 1 Benjamin Grossmann-Hensel, Paula Jarzabkowski, Renate Kratochvil, David Seidl, Paul Spee and Richard Whittington PART 1 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 8 1.1 Activity theory 9 Emma Gritt and Emma Forsgren 1.2 Actor network theory 12 Chris Chapman and Wai-Fong Chua 1.3 Constructivism 15 Simon Grand 1.4 Critical realism 20 Alistair Mutch 1.5 Discourse theory 23 Loizos Heracleous 1.6 Economies of worth model 26 Charlotte Cloutier 1.7 Ethics perspective 29 Ignas M. Bruder 1.8 Framing theory 34 Alexander Engelmann and Georg Reischauer 1.9 Ontology 37 Haridimos Tsoukas 1.10 Phenomenology 42 Jörgen Sandberg 1.11 Practice theories 47 Violetta Splitter, David Seidl and Richard Whittington 1.12 Role theory 52 Martin Friesl and Annabelle Müller 1.13 Sensemaking 56 Linda Rouleau and Charlotte Cloutier 1.14 Structuration theory 60 Tamim Elbasha 1.15 Assemblage theory 63 Vern L. Glaser and Jennifer Sloan 1.16 Bourdieu 66 Violetta Splitter and Marie- Léandre Gomez 1.17 De Certeau 69 Daniel Hjorth 1.18 Foucault 74 Alan McKinlay and Eric Pezet 1.19 Garfinkel 78 Andrea Whittle 1.20 Giddens 83 Richard Whittington 1.21 Goffman and dramaturgy 85 Andrea Whittle 1.22 Heidegger 90 Robin Holt and Mike Zundel 1.23 Luhmann 95 Rikke Albertsen, Andreas Rasche and David Seidl 1.24 MacIntyre 97 Caleb Bernacchio 1.25 Mintzberg 100 Filipe Sousa 1.26 Schatzki 104 Georg Loscher PART 2 CONCEPTS 108 2.1 Affordance 109 Yassine Talaoui and Marko Kohtamäki 2.2 Agency 111 Krsto Pandza 2.3 Agility 114 Birgit Renzl, Daniel Gäckle and Christian A. Mahringer 2.4 Ambidexterity 117 Birgit Renzl and University of Stuttgart, Germany, Juliane MöllmannAarhus University, Denmark 2.5 Ambiguity 121 Chahrazad AbdallahUniversité du Québec à Montréal 2.6 Boundary objects 124 Paul SpeeUniversity of Queensland 2.7 Boundary work 128 Ann LangleyHEC Montréal and University of Warwick 2.8 Bricolage 131 Miguel Pina e CunhaNova SBE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, miguel.cunha@novasbe.pt 2.9 Communities of Practice 134 Igor PyrkoUniversity of Bath 2.10 Embodiment 138 Laure Cabantous and Nora Meziani 2.11 Emergence 142 Jochen Koch 2.12 Habitus 147 Marie-Léandre Gomez and Isabelle Bouty 2.13 Identity 150 David Oliver 2.14 Institutional logics 154 Torben Trapp and John Amis 2.15 Legitimacy 158 Christopher W.J. Steele 2.16 Linguistic turn 162 Eero Vaara 2.17 Micro-isolationism 165 Richard Whittington and Oxford University and David Seidl University of Zurich 2.18 Mindfulness 168 Ravi S. KudesiaTemple University 2.19 Multimodality 172 Elisa Lehrer, Matthias Wenzel and Eric Knight 2.20 Narrative 175 Anniina Rantakari and University of Oulu Business School and Jeannie Holstein Loughborough Business School 2.21 Normativity 179 Ignas M. Bruder 2.22 Organization 182 Alwin Baumhöver and Leonhard Dobusch 2.23 Paradox 185 Rebecca Bednarek and Victoria University of Wellington) and Jane LêWHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management) 2.24 Performativity 189 Laure Cabantous 2.25 Polyphony 193 Josh Morton and University of Leeds, UK and Eero VaaraUniversity of Oxford, UK 2.26 Power 197 Stewart Clegg 2.27 Practical consciousness 202 Haridimos Tsoukas 2.28 Practice Turn 206 Peter SmithUniversity of Auckland 2.29 Practices 210 Milena Leybold, Linz Institute for Transformative Change, Johannes Kepler and University Linz, Austria and Leonhard Dobusch Department of Organization & Learning, University of Innsbruck, Austria 2.30 Practitioners 213 Richard Whittington 2.31 Praxis 219 Charlotte Cloutier and Alana Pierce 2.32 Rationality 224 Rasim Serdar Kurdoglu 2.33 Recursiveness 229 Paula Jarzabkowski 2.34 Reflexivity 233 Paul Hibbert 2.35 Serendipity 237 Jochen Koch and Paul Vetter 2.36 Situatedness 240 Vern L. Glaser and Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta and Krista PettitIvey School of Business 2.37 Sociomateriality 244 Viviane Sergi, Université du Québec à Montréal, Consuelo Vásquez, Université du Québec à Montréal, François Cooren and Université de Montréal and Nicolas BencherkiUniversité TÉLUQ 2.38 Space 248 Tania Räcker 2.39 Strategic episode 252 Silke Bucher, Shameen Prashantham and David Seidl 2.40 Strategizing 257 Paula Jarzabkowski 2.41 Tacit knowledge 261 Linda Rouleau and Charlotte Cloutier 2.42 Time and temporality 266 Lorenzo Skade, Fleur Deken and Majken Schultz 2.43 Visual turn 269 Safoora Wajahat, Yvonne Breyer and Eric Knight PART 3 METHODOLGICAL RESOURCES 275 3.1 Action research 276 Robert MacIntosh 3.2 Autoethnography 280 Alex WrightAudencia Business School, Nantes, France 3.3 Boundary games analysis 282 Jorge Ivan Velez- Castiblanco, EAFIT University, Medellin), Diana Londono-Correa and EAFIT University, Medellin) and Luz María Rivas- MontoyaMontoya (EAFIT University, Medellín) 3.4 Conversation analysis 288 Birte Asmuß 3.5 Counterfactuals 291 Brad MacKay 3.6 Critical discourse analysis 294 Ali Bakhit and University of Edinburgh and Winston KwonUniversity of Edinburgh 3.7 Ethnography 298 Katharina Dittrich 3.8 Ethnomethodology 302 Betsy CampbellPhD, Associate Professor, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA 3.9 Experiments 306 Christoph Brielmaier, University of Bamberg, Thomas Ortner, University of Innsbruck, Julia Hautz and University of Innsbruck and Martin FrieslUniversity of Bamberg & NHH Norwegian School of Economics 3.10 Interviews 309 Shenghui Ma and Fudan University and David SeidlUniversity of Zurich 3.11 Netnography 313 Christian Bruck 3.12 Photographic approaches in Strategy as Practice research 318 Ace Beorchia, Kennesaw State University, Jaewoo Jung and University of Dayton and Anne SmithUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville 3.13 Process research methods 323 Renate Kratochvil and Stockholm School of Economics and Ann LangleyHEC Montréal & University of Warwick 3.14 Quantitative methods 327 Tomi Laamanen, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland), Emmanuelle Reuter, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland), Markus Schimmer, Accenture, Switzerland), Florian Ueberbacher and MBS School of Business, France) and Xena WelchRotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, the Netherlands) 3.15 Researching large-scale phenomena 332 Renate Kratochvil, Stockholm School of Economics), Theresa Langenmayr and University of Zurich) and David SeidlUniversity of Zurich) 3.16 Shadowing 335 Consuelo Vásquez, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada), Nicolas Bencherki, Université TÉLUQ, Canada), François Cooren and Université de Montréal, Canada) and Viviane SergiESG UQAM, Canada) 3.17 Textual analysis 339 Cole E. Short 3.18 Topic modeling 343 Vern L. Glaser, Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta), Timothy R. Hannigan and Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa) and P. Devereaux JenningsAlberta School of Business, University of Alberta) 3.19 Video ethnography 348 Jarryd Daymond 3.20 Visual methods 351 David R. Stiles, University of Canterbury, New Zealand), Guy W. Bate and University of Auckland, New Zealand) and Paul KnottUniversity of Canterbury, New Zealand) PART 4 PHENOMENA 355 4.1 Affect 356 Alex Wright 4.2 Artefacts 358 Romain Vacquier and Stéphanie Dameron 4.3 Artificial Intelligence in strategizing 363 Katharina Cepa 4.4 Calculative practices 366 Elena Giovannoni and Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, UK; University of Siena, Italy) and Paolo QuattroneAlliance Manchester Business School, UK; Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden) 4.5 Chief strategy officers 370 Diogo Campos-Teixeira, Eric Knight and Yvonne Breyer 4.6 Climate change 373 Katharina Dittrich 4.7 Competition 377 Rebecca Bednarek 4.8 Consultants 381 Sotirios Paroutis 4.9 Corporate political strategizing 384 Maria Andrea De Villa 4.10 Corporate social responsibility 388 Dennis Schoeneborn and Copenhagen Business School & Leuphana University of Lüneburg and Hannah Trittin- UlbrichLeuphana University of Lüneburg 4.11 Creativity 392 Paul Vetter, Neil Aaron Thompson and Jörg Sydow 4.12 Crises 395 Silvia Sanasi 4.13 Digitalization 400 Georg von Krogh, Manuel von Krosigk and Uriel Stettner 4.14 Emotions 405 Saouré Kouamé and Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa) kouame@telfer.uottawa.ca and Feng LiuSaint Mary’s University) feng.Liu@smu.ca 4.15 Family businesses 408 Kajsa Haag and Leif Melin 4.16 Foresight 412 Regina Gattringer and Johannes Kepler University Linz) and Matthias WenzelLeuphana University of Lüneburg) 4.17 Frontline Strategy Work 415 Robert Demir 4.18 Future-making 418 Matthias Wenzel and Eva- Maria Spreitzer 4.19 Gender 420 Linda Rouleau and HEC Montréal) and Renate KratochvilStockholm School of Economics) 4.20 Studying and theorising grand challenges with Strategy-as-Practice 425 Fannie Couture 4.21 Healthcare organizations 429 Harald Tuckermann and Matthias Mitterlechner 4.22 Imagination 433 Emamdeen Fohim and Christina Lüthy 4.23 Improvisation 435 António Abrantes and Miguel Pina e Cunha 4.24 Interorganizational strategizing 438 Fleur Deken, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), f.deken@vu.nl Susan Hilbolling and Aarhus University), susan@mgmt .au.dk Madalina Madalina PopAarhus University), madast@btech .au.dk 4.25 Issue selling 443 Basak Yakis-Douglas 4.26 Judgement 447 Demetris Hadjimichael and Hadjimichael and Igor Pyrko 4.27 Meetings 451 Olivia Nyikos and University of Edinburgh and Winston Kwon University of Edinburgh 4.28 Mergers and acquisitions 455 Duncan Angwin Duncan Angwin 4.29 Metaphorical reasoning 459 Claus D. Jacobs 4.30 Middle managers 463 Carola Wolf 4.31 Moments of strategy 467 Nicolas Bencherki, Université TÉLUQ, Canada, François Cooren, Université de Montréal, Canada, Viviane Sergi and ESG UQAM, Canada and Consuelo VásquezUniversité du Québec à Montréal, Canada 4.32 Multinational enterprises 470 Annabel Christie and University of East London and Esther TippmannUniversity of Galway 4.33 Strategic decision- making and strategizing in municipalities and city organizations 473 Madalina Pop and Aarhus University BSS and Eero VaaraSaïd Business School 4.34 Networks 477 Sari Laari-Salmela 4.35 Neuroscience 482 Maria Cristina Cinici and University of Messina, Italy and Daniela BaglieriUniversity of Messina, Italy 4.36 Open Strategy 486 David Seidl, Violetta Splitter, Benjamin Grossmann-Hensel and Robin Engelbach 4.37 Participation 491 Monica Nadegger and Leonhard Dobusch 4.38 Path dependence 494 Waldemar Kremser and Johannes Kepler Universität Linz and Jörg SydowFreie Universität Berlin 4.39 Platforms 498 Sotirios Paroutis 4.40 Pluralistic contexts 500 Paula JarzabkowskiUniversity of Queensland and City St George’s, University of London 4.41 PowerPoint 502 Safoora Wajahat, Yvonne Breyer and Eric Knight 4.42 Practical relevance 505 Benjamin Grossmann- Hensel, University of Zurich, David Seidl and University of Zurich and Violetta SplitterOxford University 4.43 Project management 508 Siavash Alimadadi 4.44 Religion 513 Mustafa Kavas 4.45 Restructuring process 516 Oleksandra Kochura 4.46 Stakeholder identification and analysis 519 Fran Ackermann, Curtin Business School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, John M. Bryson and Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA and Colin EdenStrathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland 4.47 Start-ups 523 Qian Li 4.48 Strategic change 525 Inger G. Stensaker and NHH Norwegian School of Economics and Martin FrieslUniversity of Bamberg, NHH Norwegian School of Economics 4.49 Strategic communication 528 Loizos Heracleous 4.50 Strategic leadership 530 Shenghui Ma and Fudan University and Renate KratochvilStockholm School of Economics 4.51 Strategic planning 534 Maria Lusiani and University of Bologna, maria .lusiani@unibo.it and Ann LangleyHEC Montréal and University of Warwick, ann .langley@hec.ca 4.52 Strategic plans 539 Virpi Sorsa 4.53 Strategic tools 544 Sotirios Paroutis 4.54 Strategizing routines 547 Simon GrandUniversity of St. Gallen HSG 4.55 Strategising underground 550 Robert Demir 4.56 Strategy implementation 553 Ann-Kristin Weiser 4.57 Strategy mapping 557 John M. Bryson, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA, Fran Ackermann and Curtin Business School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia and Colin EdenStrathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland 4.58 Strategy models 561 Patia J. McGrath 4.59 The strategy profession 565 Professor Duncan Angwin 4.60 Strategy teams 569 Sotirios Paroutis 4.61 Strategy text 571 Alex WrightAudencia Business School, Nantes, France 4.62 Strategy work 573 Alex WrightAudencia Business School, Nantes, France 4.63 Strategy Workshops 576 Mark P. Healey and Gerard P. Hodgkinson 4.64 Sustainability 579 Elisabeth Krull and University of Manchester and Jonatan PinkseKing’s College London 4.65 Teaching SAP 582 Sotirios Paroutis 4.66 Technology 585 Guy W. Bate, University of Auckland, New Zealand, David R. Stiles and Paul KnottUniversity of Canterbury, New Zealand 4.67 Top managers 589 Shenghui Ma 4.68 Trust 592 Dilek Zamantılı Nayır 4.69 Voices 594 Ellen Nathues and Nicolas Bencherki PART 5 RELATIONS TO OTHER COMMUNITIES 598 5.1 Accounting as practice 599 Thomas Ahrens 5.2 Attention-based view 602 Martin Friesl, University of Bamberg, NHH Norwegian School of Economics, Christoph Brielmaier, University of Bamberg, Matthew Hurst and Università della Svizzera italiana and Davide NicoliniUniversity of Warwick 5.3 Behavioral strategy 605 Gerard P. Hodgkinson and Mark P. Healey 5.4 CCO 610 François Cooren, Université de Montréal, Canada), Viviane Sergi, ESG UQAM, Canada), Consuelo Vásquez and UQAM, Canada) and Nicolas Bencherki Université TÉLUQ, Canada) 5.5 Critical perspectives 614 Martin Blom 5.6 Diversity, equity, and onclusion 617 Theresa Langenmayr, University of Zurich), Janne Tienariand Hanken School of Economics) and Chinue UeckerStrayer University) 5.7 Entrepreneurship as practice 621 Charis Owuraku Asante- Agyei and Syracuse University and Neil A. ThompsonVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 5.8 Institutionalism 625 Michael Smets, University of Oxford, Deborah A. Anderson and University of Alabama and Kevin McSweeneyOklahoma State University 5.9 International business 629 Toke Bjerregaard 5.10 Leadership as practice 633 Joseph A. Raelin