Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 5 1

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2
• Program Introduction 2
• The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 2
• 21st Century Teaching and Learning 3
• The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3
• Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4
• Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4
• Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5
• Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5
• Cultural Connections 7
• Land-Based Learning 7
• Technology 7
• Sustainability 7
• Program Implementation 8
• Program Resources 8
• Classroom Environment 11
• Planning Units—Timelines 12
• Classroom Management 12
• Classroom Safety 12
• Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12
• Observing 12
• Questioning 13
• Exploring 13
• Classifying 13
• Measuring 14
• Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14
• Predicting 16
• Inferring 16
• Inquiry Through Investigation and Experiments 16
• Inquiry Through Research 17
• Online Considerations 18
• Addressing Students’ Literacy Needs 18
• Technological Problem Solving 18
• Makerspace 19

The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 21

• Assessment for Learning 22
• Assessment as Learning 22
• Assessment of Learning 23
• Performance Assessment 24
• Portfolios 24
• Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 25
• Important Note to Teachers 25
• References 26
• Assessment Reproducibles 27
• Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 42

Unit 1: Human Organ Systems 45

• Introduction 46
• Unit Overview 50
• Curriculum Correlation 51
• Resources for Students 52
• 1 What Do We Know About Keeping Our Bodies Healthy? 56
• 2 Why Does What We Eat Matter? 61
• 3 What Happens to Food After We Eat It? 71
• 4 Why Is Water Important for a Healthy Body? 77.
• 5 How Can We Design and Construct a Model of the Digestive System? 81
• 6 Why Is Healthy Blood Red? 85
• 7 How Does Exercise Affect Your Heart and Lungs? 92
• 8 How Do Healthy Joints, Bones, and Muscles Help You Move? 100
• 9 How Does the Brain Send Messages to the Rest of the Body? 107
• 10 How Does Skin Protect Our Bodies? 113
• 11 How Do Our Bodies Fight Illness and Injury? 118
• 12 How Do I Keep My Body Healthy? 126
• 13 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Keeping My Body Healthy? 129

Unit 2: Forces Acting on Structures and Mechanisms 133

• Introduction 134
• Unit Overview 138
• Curriculum Correlation 139
• Resources for Students 140
• 1 What Do We Know About Forces and Structures? 143
• 2 How Do Bridges Withstand Forces? 148
• 3 What Can We Learn About Forces and Machines? 154
• 4 How Does a Lever Make Work Easier? 158
• 5 How Does an Inclined Plane Make Work Easier? 167
• 6 How Does a Screw Make Work Easier? 171
• 7 How Does a Wedge Make Work Easier? 174
• 8 How Do Forces of Nature Affect the Environment? 178
• 9 How Can We Protect Ourselves From Forces in Our Environment? 184
• 10 Inquiry Project: How Can We Design a Structure to Withstand Forces in the Environment? 188

Unit 3: Properties of and Changes in Matter 191

• Introduction 192
• Unit Overview 195
• Curriculum Correlation 196
• Resources for Students 197
• 1 What Do We Know About the Properties of Matter? 200
• 2 What Are Some Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases? 205
• 3 How Do Substances Interact With Water? 212
• 4 How Do Substances Interact to Produce Gases? 217
• 5 How Can We Measure and Compare the Mass of Objects? 221
• 6 How Does Water Behave as it Melts, Freezes, Evaporates, or Condenses? 227
• 7 What Is a Physical Change? 233
• 8 How Can We Identify a Chemical Change? 237
• 9 How Does Food Preparation Depend on Physical and Chemical Changes? 242
• 10 How Can We Practise Safety With Household Chemicals? 248
• 11 What Is the Life Cycle of a Manufactured Product? 252
• 12 Inquiry Project: How Can We Create and Evaluate Household Products? 256

Unit 4: Conservation of Energy and Resources 261

• Introduction 262
• Unit Overview 266
• Curriculum Correlation 267
• Resources for Students 268
• 1 What Do We Know About Energy? 271
• 2 What Can We Learn About Different Forms of Energy? 277
• 3 How Is Energy Transformed? 282
• 4 What Are Fossil Fuels? 286
• 5 What Are Renewable Energy Resources? 291
• 6 What Is Solar Power? 297
• 7 What Is Water Power? 300
• 8 How Do Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Compare? 304
• 9 How Can We Conserve Energy? 307
• 10 Why Is It Important to Recycle? 314
• 11 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Energy? 319
• References 322

Appendix: Image Banks 323

About the Contributors 335