This book provides a systematic description of the key challenges faced by Brazil today, and the main lines of action required to bring the country back on track. Brazil is not a poor country; what it presently produces is sufficient to ensure everyone a dignified and comfortable life. Its problems are not economic in the sense of lack of resources, but rather in terms of social and political organization. With President Lula governing the country as of 2023, structural challenges such as deep inequality, the environmental disaster and the financial chaos have become evident. The present book is not only about Brazil, but about the challenges it has in common with so many third-world countries. Its resources, particularly financial resources, are not going where they are needed. On the contrary, the necessary initiatives are being financially drained or under-funded. Powerful elites, in coordination with the international financial corporations and commodity traders, resist any attempt at building a more balanced society. This book seeks to combat these structural issues.