Introduction, Measurement, Estimating How Science WorksModels, Theories, and LawsMeasurement and Uncertainty; Significant FiguresUnits, Standards, and the SI SystemConverting UnitsOrder of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating*Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension Reference Frames and DisplacementAverage VelocityInstantaneous VelocityAccelerationMotion at Constant AccelerationSolving ProblemsFreely Falling Objects*Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus Kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions; Vectors Vectors and ScalarsAddition of Vectors—Graphical MethodsSubtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a ScalarAdding Vectors by ComponentsUnit VectorsVector KinematicsSolving Problems Involving Projectile MotionRelative Velocity Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion ForceNewton's First Law of MotionMassNewton's Second Law of MotionNewton's Third Law of MotionWeight—the Force of Gravity; and the Normal ForceSolving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body DiagramsProblem Solving—A General Approach Using Newton's Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces Using Newton's Laws with FrictionUniform Circular Motion—KinematicsDynamics of Uniform Circular MotionHighway Curves: Banked and UnbankedNonuniform Circular Motion*Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity Gravitation and Newton's Synthesis Newton's Law of Universal GravitationVector Form of Newton's Law of Universal GravitationGravity Near the Earth's SurfaceSatellites and "Weightlessness"Planets, Kepler's Laws, and Newton's SynthesisMoon Rises an Hour Later Each DayTypes of Forces in Nature*Gravitational Field*Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black Holes Work and Energy Work Done by a Constant ForceScalar Product of Two VectorsWork Done by a Varying ForceKinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle Conservation of Energy Conservative and Nonconservative ForcesPotential EnergyMechanical Energy and Its ConservationProblem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical EnergyThe Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving ProblemsGravitational Potential Energy and Escape VelocityPowerPotential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium*Gravitational Assist (Slingshot) Linear Momentum Momentum and Its Relation to ForceConservation of MomentumCollisions and ImpulseConservation of Energy and Momentum in CollisionsElastic Collisions in One DimensionInelastic CollisionsCollisions in 2 or 3 DimensionsCenter of Mass (cm)Center of Mass and Translational Motion*Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion Rotational Motion Angular QuantitiesVector Nature of Angular QuantitiesConstant Angular AccelerationTorqueRotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational InertiaSolving Problems in Rotational DynamicsDetermining Moments of InertiaRotational Kinetic EnergyRotational plus Translational Motion; Rolling*Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down? Angular Momentum; General Rotation Angular Momentum — Objects Rotating About a Fixed AxisVector Cross Product; Torque as a VectorAngular Momentum of a ParticleAngular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General MotionAngular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid ObjectConservation of Angular Momentum*The Spinning Top and GyroscopeRotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces*The Coriolis Effect Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture The Conditions for EquilibriumSolving Statics Problems*Applications to Muscles and JointsStability and BalanceElasticity; Stress and StrainFractureTrusses and BridgesArches and Domes Fluids Phases of MatterDensity and Specific GravityPressure in FluidsAtmospheric Pressure and Gauge PressurePascal's PrincipleMeasurement of Pressure; Gauges and the BarometerBuoyancy and Archimedes' PrincipleFluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of ContinuityBernoulli's EquationApplications of Bernoulli's Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs,Blood FlowViscosity*Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow*Surface Tension and Capillarity*Pumps, and the Heart Oscillations Oscillations of a SpringSimple Harmonic MotionEnergy in the Simple Harmonic OscillatorSimple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular MotionThe Simple Pendulum*The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion PendulumDamped Harmonic MotionForced Oscillations; Resonance Wave Motion Characteristics of Wave MotionTypes of Waves: Transverse and LongitudinalEnergy Transported by WavesMathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave*The Wave EquationThe Principle of SuperpositionReflection and TransmissionInterferenceStanding Waves; ResonanceRefractionDiffraction Sound Characteristics of SoundMathematical Representation of Longitudinal WavesIntensity of Sound: DecibelsSources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns*Quality of Sound, and Noise; SuperpositionInterference of Sound Waves; BeatsDoppler Effect*Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom*Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law Atomic Theory of MatterTemperature and ThermometersThermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of ThermodynamicsThermal Expansion*Thermal StressesThe Gas Laws and Absolute TemperatureThe Ideal Gas LawProblem Solving with the Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number*Ideal Gas Temperature Scale—a Standard Kinetic Theory of Gases The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of TemperatureDistribution of Molecular SpeedsReal Gases and Changes of PhaseVapor Pressure and HumidityTemperature of Water Decrease with AltitudeVan der Waals Equation of StateMean Free PathDiffusion Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics Heat as Energy TransferInternal EnergySpecific HeatCalorimetry— Solving ProblemsLatent HeatThe First Law of ThermodynamicsThermodynamic Processes and the First LawMolar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of EnergyAdiabatic Expansion of a GasHeat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics— IntroductionHeat EnginesThe Carnot Engine; Reversible and Irreversible ProcessesRefrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat PumpsEntropyEntropy and the Second Law of ThermodynamicsOrder to DisorderUnavailability of Energy; Heat DeathStatistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second LawThermodynamic Temperature; Third Law of Thermodynamics*Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources Electric Charge and Electric Field Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its ConservationElectric Charge in the AtomInsulators and ConductorsInduced Charge; the ElectroscopeCoulomb's LawThe Electric FieldElectric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge DistributionsField LinesElectric Fields and ConductorsMotion of a Charged Particle in an Electric FieldElectric Dipoles*Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication Gauss's Law Electric FluxGauss's LawApplications of Gauss's Law*Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Laws Electric Potential Electric Potential Energy and Potential DifferenceRelation between Electric Potential and Electric FieldElectric Potential Due to Point ChargesPotential Due to Any Charge DistributionEquipotential Lines and SurfacesPotential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole MomentE→Determined from VElectrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron VoltDigital; Binary Numbers; Signal VoltageTV and Computer MonitorsElectrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage CapacitorsDetermination of CapacitanceCapacitors in Series and ParallelStorage of Electric EnergyDielectrics*Molecular Description of Dielectrics Electric Current and Resistance The Electric BatteryElectric CurrentOhm's Law: Resistance and ResistorsResistivityElectric PowerPower in Household CircuitsAlternating CurrentMicroscopic View of Electric Current*Superconductivity*Electrical Conduction in the Human Nervous System DC Circuits EMF and Terminal VoltageResistors in Series and in ParallelKirchhoff's RulesEMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a BatteryRC Circuits — Resistor and Capacitor in SeriesElectric Hazards and SafetyAmmeters and Voltmeters— Measurement Affects Quantity Measured Magnetism Magnets and Magnetic FieldsElectric Currents Produce Magnetic FieldsForce on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B→Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic FieldTorque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Dipole MomentApplications: Motors, Loudspeakers, GalvanometersDiscovery and Properties of the ElectronThe Hall EffectMass Spectrometer Sources of Magnetic Field Magnetic Field Due to a Straight WireForce between Two Parallel WiresDefinitions of the Ampere and the CoulombAmpère's LawMagnetic Field of a Solenoid and a ToroidBiot-Savart LawMagnetic Field Due to a Single Moving ChargeMagnetic Materials—FerromagnetismElectromagnets and Solenoids—ApplicationsMagnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis*Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law Induced EMFFaraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's LawEMF Induced in a Moving ConductorElectric GeneratorsBack EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy CurrentsTransformers and Transmission of PowerA Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field*Information Storage: Magnetic and Semiconductor*Applications of Induction: Microphone, Seismograph, GFCI Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits Mutual InductanceSelf-Inductance; InductorsEnergy Stored in a Magnetic FieldLR CircuitsLC Circuits and Electromagnetic OscillationsLC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit)AC Circuits and ReactanceLRC Series AC Circuit; Phasor DiagramsResonance in AC CircuitsImpedance Matching*Three-Phase AC Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Displacement CurrentGauss's Law for MagnetismMaxwell's EquationsProduction of Electromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, Derived from Maxwell's EquationsLight as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic SpectrumMeasuring the Speed of LightEnergy in EM Waves; the Poynting VectorRadiation PressureRadio and Television; Wireless Communication Light: Reflection and Refraction The Ray Model of LightReflection; Image Formation by a Plane MirrorFormation of Images by Spherical MirrorsSeeing Yourself in a Magnifying Mirror (Concave)Convex (Rearview) MirrorsIndex of RefractionRefraction: Snell's LawThe Visible Spectrum and DispersionTotal Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics*Refraction at a Spherical Surface Lenses and Optical Instruments Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing and Focal LengthThe Thin Lens EquationCombinations of LensesLensmaker's EquationCameras: Film and DigitalThe Human Eye; Corrective LensesMagnifying GlassCompound MicroscopeAberrations of Lenses and Mirrors The Wave Nature of Light: Interference and Polarization Waves vs. Particles; Huygens' Principle and DiffractionHuygens' Principle and the Law of RefractionInterference-- Young's Double-Slit ExperimentIntensity in the Double-Slit Interference PatternInterference in Thin FilmsMichelson InterferometerPolarization*Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)*Scattering of Light by the AtmosphereLumens, Luminous Flux, and Luminous IntensityEfficiency of Lightbulbs Diffraction Diffraction by a Single Slit or DiskIntensity in Single-Slit Diffraction PatternDiffraction in the Double-Slit ExperimentInterference vs. DiffractionLimits of Resolution; Circular AperturesResolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the λ LimitResolution of the Human Eye and Useful MagnificationDiffraction GratingThe Spectrometer and Spectroscopy*Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction GratingX-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction*X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan)*Specialty Microscopes and Contrast The Special Theory of Relativity Galilean–Newtonian RelativityThe Michelson–Morley ExperimentPostulates of the Special Theory of RelativitySimultaneityTime Dilation and the Twin ParadoxLength ContractionFour-Dimensional Space-TimeGalilean and Lorentz TransformationsRelativistic MomentumThe Ultimate SpeedE = mc²; Mass and EnergyDoppler Shift for LightThe Impact of Special Relativity Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Blackbody Radiation; Planck's Quantum HypothesisPhoton Theory of Light and the Photoelectric EffectEnergy, Mass, and Momentum of a PhotonCompton EffectPhoton Interactions; Pair ProductionWave-Particle Duality; the Principle of ComplementarityWave Nature of MatterElectron MicroscopesEarly Models of the AtomAtomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the AtomThe Bohr Modelde Broglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics—A New TheoryThe Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit ExperimentThe Heisenberg Uncertainty PrinciplePhilosophic Implications; Probability Versus DeterminismThe Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension-- Time-Independent Form*Time-Dependent Schrödinger EquationFree Particles; Plane Waves and Wave PacketsParticle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box)Finite Potential WellTunneling through a Barrier Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Quantum-Mechanical View of AtomsHydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum NumbersHydrogen Atom Wave FunctionsMultielectron Atoms; the Exclusion PrinciplePeriodic Table of ElementsX-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number*Magnetic Dipole Moment; Total Angular MomentumFluorescence and PhosphorescenceLasers*Holography Molecules and Solids Bonding in MoleculesPotential-Energy Diagrams for MoleculesWeak (van der Waals) BondsMolecular SpectraBonding in SolidsFree-Electron Theory of Metals; Fermi EnergyBand Theory of SolidsSemiconductors and DopingSemiconductor Diodes, LEDs, OLEDsTransistors: Bipolar and MOSFETsIntegrated Circuits, 14-nm Technology Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity Structure and Properties of the NucleusBinding Energy and Nuclear ForcesRadioactivityAlpha DecayBeta DecayGamma DecayConservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation LawsHalf-Life and Rate of DecayDecay SeriesRadioactive DatingDetection of Particles Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of ElementsCross SectionNuclear Fission; Nuclear ReactorsNuclear FusionPassage of Radiation Through Matter; Biological DamageMeasurement of Radiation Dosimetry*Radiation Therapy*Tracers in Research and Medicine*Emission Tomography: PET and SPECT*Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Elementary Particles High-Energy Particles and AcceleratorsBeginnings of Elementary Particle Physics—Particle ExchangeParticles and AntiparticlesParticle Interactions and Conservation LawsNeutrinosParticle ClassificationParticle Stability and ResonancesStrangeness? Charm? Towards a New ModelQuarksThe Standard Model: QCD and Electroweak TheoryGrand Unified TheoriesStrings and Supersymmetry Astrophysics and Cosmology Stars and GalaxiesStellar Evolution: Birth and Death of Stars, NucleosynthesisDistance MeasurementsGeneral Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of SpaceThe Expanding Universe: Redshift and Hubble's LawThe Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave BackgroundThe Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the UniverseInflation: Explaining Flatness, Uniformity, and StructureDark Matter and Dark EnergyLarge-Scale Structure of the UniverseGravitational Waves—LIGOFinally . . . AppendicesA. Mathematical FormulasB. Derivatives and IntegralsC. Numerical IntegrationD. More on Dimensional AnalysisE. Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass DistributionF. Differential Form of Maxwell's EquationsG. Selected Isotopes

Hallmark features of this title Step-by-Step Examples follow most Problem-Solving Boxes with an Example worked out step-by-step, following the steps of the preceding box.Estimation Examples help develop skills for making order-of-magnitude estimates, even when data is scarce or no result appears possible.Approach Steps in worked-out Examples help students understand the reasoning behind the method used to solve the problem and answer questions of how or where do I start?Problem Solving Strategies throughout the text suggest a step-by-step approach to problem solving for a particular topic, but the basics remain the same.Problem-Solving Marginal Notes refer to hints within the text for solving problems and are included throughout the chapters to emphasize key strategies.

New and updated features of this title Digital Applications describe the basics of digital from the ground up.Binary numbers, bits and bytes, are introduced in Chapter 23 with analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), and vice versa, including digital audio and how video screens work.Digital coverage in Chapters 23, 29, 33, 40) includes quantization error, digital error correction, noise, bit error rate, digital TV data stream and more.MisConceptual Questions contain common student misconceptions at the end of every chapter. The se multiple-choice questions help students avoid common mistakes and uncover their own misconceptions.EXPANDED: More than 500 new Problems and Questions give students practice finding out what they learned or didn't learn.