Underground Vegetable Crops provides comprehensive information on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of various underground vegetable crops to abiotic stress and the strategies for managing these crops under these conditions. Climate changes pose major challenges to the productivity and yield of crops, particularly horticultural crops that bear their edible parts underground. Underground vegetable crops are highly nutritious, non-cereal plant species grown in various agro-ecological zones and play a significant role in feeding people around the world. Further, while these crops are consumed by humans, they are also used as animal feed and raw materials for high-value industrial products. Given their widespread consumption, improving these crops' production and productivity is paramount. To address the range of challenges created by climate changes, it is crucial to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of crops to abiotic stress and the potential mechanisms of resistance and mitigation. The potential role of biostimulant chemicals, hormones, novel chemicals, and microorganisms in agriculture to enhance the tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stress, which is an area of important that has received less attention until now. The proposed book aims to provide comprehensive information on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of various underground vegetable crops to abiotic stress and the strategies for managing these crops under these conditions. This book is an essential resource for researchers, students, crop growers, and all stakeholders in the field of crop sciences who are interested in improving the yield and productivity of these vital crops. • Provides complete information on functional plant physiology and molecular aspect of underground vegetable crops • Presents comprehensive information and potential application strategies of PGRPs in the horticultural crop production system. • Includes synthesis and assimilation of the potential use of novel phytohormone diverse plant growth stages.