The papers are organized in four different sections corresponding to key areas and techniques of this constantly expanding field: finite element modeling, mass spring and statistical shape modeling, motion and fluid modeling and implementation issues.

Finite Element Modelling.- Physically Based Finite Element Model of the Face.- On the Application of Model Reduction Techniques to Real-Time Simulation of Non-linear tissues.- Constitutive Modelling of Endothelium Denudation for Finite Element Simulation of Angioplasty.- Efficient Nonlinear FEM for Soft Tissue Modelling and Its GPU Implementation within the Open Source Framework SOFA.- Mass Spring and Statistical Shape Modelling.- Biquadratic and Quadratic Springs for Modeling St Venant Kirchhoff Materials.- Exploring Parallel Algorithms for Volumetric Mass-Spring-Damper Models in CUDA.- An Integrated Approach for Reconstructing a Surface Model of the Proximal Femur from Sparse Input Data and a Multi-Level Point Distribution Model.- Coupling Deformable Models for Multi-object Segmentation.- Motion and Fluid Modelling.- Modelling Prostate Gland Motion for Image-Guided Interventions.- A Real-Time Predictive Simulation of Abdominal Organ Positions Induced by Free Breathing.- Effect of Friction and Material Compressibility on Deformable Modeling of Human Lung.- Simulating Mechanism of Brain Injury During Closed Head Impact.- Mechanism and Localization of Wall Failure During Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation.- Implementation Issues.- Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction Approaches for the Design of Laparoscopic Augmented Reality Environments.- Deforming a High-Resolution Mesh in Real-Time by Mapping onto a Low-Resolution Physical Model.- Versatile Design of Changing Mesh Topologies for Surgery Simulation.- Contact Model for Haptic Medical Simulations.- Estimation of the Fracture Toughness of Soft Tissue from Needle Insertion.- Towards a Framework for Assessing Deformable Models in Medical Simulation.- Posters.- Image Guidance and Surgery Simulation Using Inverse Nonlinear Finite Element Methods.- Laparoscopic Tool Tracking Method for Augmented Reality Surgical Applications.- Coronary Motion Modelling for Augmented Reality Guidance of Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass.- Quantifying Effects of Class I Anti-arrhythmic Drugs in Human Virtual Cardiac Tissues.- Development of a Microscope Embedded Training System for Neurosurgery.- A Virtual Environment for Core Skills Training in Vascular Interventional Radiology.- Modelling Organ Deformation Using Mass-Springs and Tensional Integrity.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation, ISBMS 2008, held in London, UK, in July 2008.

The 19 revised full papers and 7 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in four different sections corresponding to key areas and techniques of this constantly expanding field: finite element modeling, mass spring and statistical shape modeling, motion and fluid modeling and implementation issues. An additional section covers the posters presented at the meeting.

GPSR Compliance The European Union's (EU) General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) is a set of rules that requires consumer products to be safe and our obligations to ensure this. If you have any concerns about our products you can contact us on ProductSafety@springernature.com. In case Publisher is established outside the EU, the EU authorized representative is: Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH Europaplatz 3 69115 Heidelberg, Germany ProductSafety@springernature.com