This contributed volume offers a comprehensive exploration of the latest breakthroughs in the fields of transcriptomics and epitranscriptomics, with an emphasis on understanding gene expression and RNA modifications in plants. It introduces fundamental concepts, including RNA sequencing technologies used to investigate these biological processes. The book covers key topics such as cutting-edge techniques employed to decipher the transcriptome and epitranscriptome, as well as the roles of these subdisciplines in plant development, adaptation, stress responses, and other critical biological functions. It also discusses emerging technologies and challenges in the field, as well as prospects for research and development. This book is essential for researchers in plant genetics, plant molecular biology, and biotechnology. It also serves as excellent reading material for undergraduate and graduate students seeking to understand the field of transcriptomics.