This book explores the role of proteostasis in neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on protein homeostasis in long-lived, nondividing cells like neurons. It examines how disruptions in proteostasis, influenced by factors such as oxidative stress, aging, and environmental stress, contribute to diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The book begins with an overview of the epidemiology and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequent chapters delve into the mechanisms governing proteostasis, highlighting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, molecular chaperones, and co-chaperones in protein folding and degradation. It further explores how impairments in these pathways contribute to neuroinflammation and disease progression. By providing insights into these cellular processes, the book aims to enhance understanding and support the development of potential therapeutic strategies.