This book reviews the important role of biotechnological innovations in achieving sustainable development goals and conserving global biodiversity. It presents the latest biotechnological techniques used to identify and characterize various groups of plants and animals, such as genomic tools for animal identification, and DNA barcoding for precise plant characterization. It also reviews the utility of proteomics and metabolomics in enhancing our understanding of diverse species. The book also discusses responsible development and sustainable utilization of bioresources, including strategies for conserving and managing bioresources, bioprospecting for novel biodiscoveries, and sustainable agricultural practices to preserve agrobiodiversity. Further, the book addresses the pressing challenges faced by biodiversity, including the far-reaching effects of climate change, the threat posed by invasive species, the consequences of pollution on biodiversity degradation, and the interplay between diseases and biodiversity decline. Toward the end, the book analyzes the impact of environmental degradation on biodiversity and explores emerging technologies in biodiversity conservation, focusing on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The book will interest scientists, researchers, policymakers, environmentalists, academics, and students involved in biotechnology, ecology, genetics, and conservation biology. Key Features: Discusses cutting-edge biotechnological innovations for biodiversity conservation Presents cutting-edge biotechnological techniques for identifying and characterizing selected groups of plants and animals Addresses critical environmental challenges such as climate change, invasive species, and pollution