This book approaches the topic of environmental biotechnology in a clear, integrated, and meaningful way, covering both the fundamentals and biochemical processes involved, as well as the technologies themselves within different areas of application. As part of the framework, it also provides a thorough description of the pollution and its control, and the role of microorganisms in a wide range of ecosystems and deterioration processes. Features: Focuses on the role of microorganisms in a wide range of ecosystems and deterioration processes. Explains underlying concepts of environment, interlinks them from an ecological point of view, and describes the approaches for waste treatment. Describes the concepts and fate processes of environmental contaminants, contaminant patterns in soil, groundwater, and surface water. Includes novel research findings and applications of biosurfactants. Discusses biodegradation as a key process in the bioremediation of recalcitrant compounds. This book is aimed at Primarily Senior Undergraduates including Graduate Students and Researchers in Biotechnology, Environmental Science/Engineering, Conservation Biology, Microbiology, Waste Management, and Ecology.