This volume contains contributions to the Russian-German Advanced Research Workshop on Computational Science and High Performance Computing as presented in September 2003 at Novosibirsk (Academgorodok), Russia. The workshop was organized jointly by the German High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) and the Russian Institute for Computational Technologies (ICT SB RAS). The contributions range from computer science, mathematics and high performance computing to applications in mechanical and aerospace engineering. They bring together a wealth of theoretical work and simulation experience and thus show the potential of bringing together theoretical mathematical modeling with the usage of powerful high performance computing systems, and present the state of the art of computational technologies.