The fields of photonics and electronics are at the heart of technological innovation, driving progress across industries and shaping the future of human connectivity, automation, and sustainability. The book is a comprehensive exploration of the critical developments, economic strategies, and cutting-edge technologies revolutionizing these domains. This book delves into India's unique position in the global electronics landscape, emphasizing its export strength and comparative advantages. It examines the dynamic role of investments, economic models, and incentives in building self-reliance and boosting domestic manufacturing. The importance of supply chain management in fostering technological growth is discussed, along with the transformative potential of adopting circular economy principles for sustainability. The book also explores the synergy between photonics, electronics, and artificial intelligence, highlighting advancements in machine learning that are redefining possibilities in the field. From optimizing manufacturing processes to harnessing AI-driven solutions, this book offers insights into how technology is reshaping the world of electronics and photonics. Whether you are an academic, a policymaker, an industry professional, or a student of technology and innovation, this book provides a rich foundation for understanding the dynamic forces shaping the future of photonics and electronics in India and beyond.