This book contains select chapters presented at the 17th & 18th International Conference of the Institute of Mathematics, Bioinformatics, Information Technology and Computer Science (IMBIC) on Mathematical Sciences for Advancement of Science and Technology (MSAST 2023 & 2024), held at Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from 21 to 23 December 2023 & 2024. Contributed by researchers from the USA, Russia, Norway, Sweden, Nigeria, and India, it discusses recent research in the intersection of mathematics with various disciplines such as physics, computer science, statistics, and engineering. It focuses research on interdisciplinary topics such as the mathematical principles of color theory and music theory to cutting-edge applications in cybersecurity, superconductivity, and fluid dynamics. The book studies how to solve complex problems and proposes innovative solutions by applying mathematical tools like Lie algebra, set-valued functions, and topological surgery theory. This interdisciplinary approach fosters deeper understanding of phenomena like leakage resilience in secret sharing schemes, the structure of the periodic table, and the behavior of nanofluids.