Although in nature, the vast majority of polymers are condensation polymers, much publicity has been focused on functionalized vinyl polymers. This text aims to fulfill the need to explore these polymers which form an increasingly important and diverse foundation in the search for new materials in the 21st century. Some of the advantages condensation polymers hold over vinyl polymers include offering different kinds of binding sites, their ability to be made biodegradable, and their different reactivities with various reagents under diverse reaction conditions. They also offer better tailoring of end-products, different tendencies (such as fibre formation), and different physical and chemical properties. Some of the main areas emphasized include dendrimers, control release of drugs, nanostructure materials controlled biomedical recognition, and controllable electrolyte and electrical properties.