This book highlights the latest advancements in textile finishing, covering various techniques, technologies, and trends. It begins with an overview of mechanical and chemical processes used in the textile industry, emphasizing sustainable practices like yarn sizing and textile finishes for wellness. Functional finishes in outdoor textiles for enhanced comfort are also discussed. The book explores advancements in polymeric materials and emerging trends in polymers for textile finishing. It delves into eco-friendly innovations using bio-derived polymers and the application of microencapsulation in textile finishing. It also covers enzyme-based techniques and biotechnology applications for surface modification of polyester fibers, offering sustainable alternatives. Plasma technology advancements for textile surface modification and innovations in conductive and smart textiles are thoroughly explored. Environmental impacts and sustainable solutions are highlighted throughout. With contributions from global experts, this book provides comprehensive insights into future practices in textile finishing, focusing on sustainability and technological progress.