Biographical note

David Pugh is a marine science consultant, also holding positions as Visiting Professor at Liverpool University, and Visiting Scientist at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC). His research specialises in tides, surges, mean sea level, coastal management and climate change, together with marine economics and the history of sea level. After a career in science and science management with the UK Natural Environment Research Council, Dr Pugh served as President of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, 2003–2007. He had previously been Director of the PSMSL and Founding Chairman of the IOC global sea level network, GLOSS. Dr Pugh has authored two books and recently co-edited Troubled Waters: Ocean Science and Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2010) published for the 50th Anniversary of the IOC. He has been awarded an OBE for services to marine sciences. Philip Woodworth is an Individual Merit Scientist in the Natural Environmental Research Council based at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) in Liverpool, and also a Visiting Professor at Liverpool University. He has been Director of the PSMSL and Chairman of GLOSS. Dr Woodworth has published extensively on tides, sea-level changes and geodesy, including co-editing Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability (2010), and has been involved in each IPCC research assessment. His awards include the Denny Medal of IMAREST, the Vening-Meinesz Medal of the European Geosciences Union, the 50th Anniversary Medal of the IOC, and a minute share in the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to the IPCC. He was awarded an MBE in 2011 for services to science.