This book offers a collection of original peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 10th International Congress on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems (CMSM’2023), held on December 18-20, 2023, in Hammamet, Tunisia. It reports on a wide spectrum of research findings, advanced methods and industrial applications  relating to mechanical system behavior and vibration analysis. A special emphasis is given to  numerical modeling and CFD simulation. Moreover, the book covers a set of industrial engineering problems and solutions, and applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence, e.g. in predictive maintenance. Continuing on the tradition of the previous editions, and with a good balance of theory and practice, this first volume of a 2-volume set offers a timely  snapshot, and a useful resource for both researchers and professionals in the field of design and modeling of mechanical systems.