This review volume presents the latest advances in the design, fabrication, and optimization of biomaterial surfaces for biomedical applications. Covering a wide range of surface engineering techniques, including cryogenic treatment, electrophoretic deposition, and hydroxyapatite coatings, the articles address critical challenges in enhancing biocompatibility, mechanical performance, and durability of materials like titanium alloys, zirconia, and magnesium hybrids. This volume is valuable for researchers, engineers and clinicians working in biomaterials and other interdisciplinary interfaces between materials science and biomedical science.