International Dimensions and Trends in Higher Education in Troubled Times features a collection of articles drawn from the quarterly International Higher Education. Focused on the international dimensions and trends in higher education, these articles offer valuable insights into the tumultuous events from 2018 to 2023.

Preface Notes on Contributors Introduction: Contemporary Crises in International Higher Education—Context and Challenges  Lizhou Wang, Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit PART 1: Geopolitical Tensions and Academic (Dis)Engagement Introduction to Part 1 1 Global Engagement in a Time of Geopolitical Tensions—A New Cold War  Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit 2 Safeguarding Sound International Collaboration  Ingrid d’Hooghe and Jonas Lammertink 3 Knowledge Diplomacy: Findings, Misunderstandings, and Challenges  Jane Knight 4 China–Global Relations—A Higher Education Cold War?  Lizhou Wang and Wen Wen 5 US–China Geopolitical Tensions—Implications for Universities and Science  Xiaojie Li and Jenny J. Lee 6 Decoding Discord—Paradoxes, Misperceptions and Risks in EU–China Higher Education Cooperation  Yuzhuo Cai 7 International Collaboration with Russia and China—Researchers Face Difficult Choices  Jonathan Adams, Jonathan Grant, Jo Johnson and Daniel Murphy 8 The Argument for Academic Engagement with China  William C. Kirby PART 2: Nationalism and Populism; Threats to Autonomy and Academic Freedom in the University Introduction to Part 2 9 Do We Share a Common University Identity?  Akiyoshi Yonezawa 10 Higher Education in the Age of Populism—Public Good and Civic Engagement  Ellen Hazelkorn 11 Higher Education Values and Social Responsibility  Eva Egron-Polak 12 The Woke Debate in Academia—What Could Take Us Further?  Carel Stolker 13 Universities without Academic Freedom Have No Place in Rankings  Carsten A. Holz 14 Academic Freedom in Latin America and the Deceptive Comfort of Autonomy  Andrés Bernasconi 15 Speaking Out for Science and Democracy  Marcelo Knobel and Goolam Mohamedbhai 16 A New Magna Charta Universitatum  Sijbolt Noorda PART 3: Challenges to Equity and Inclusion Introduction to Part 3 17 Higher Education Equity Policies across the Globe  Jamil Salmi 18 What Works to Reduce Inequality in Higher Education?  Koen Geven and Estelle Herbaut 19 Gender and Higher Education—Increasing Exposure of Harassment and Pay Gaps  Ellen Hazelkorn 20 An Agenda in Motion—Women’s Issues in Latin American Higher Education  Alma Maldonado-Maldonado and Felicitas Acosta 21 The Unfinished Nature of Women’s Leadership in Higher Education  Tessa DeLaquil 22 Anti-Blackness and Racism in International Higher Education  Gerardo Blanco, Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit 23 Black International Student Lives Matter  Chrystal A. George Mwangi 24 Internationalization of Higher Education and the Advantage of Diaspora  Fazal Rizvi 25 The Complexities of Engaging Africa’s Academic Diaspora  Ayenachew A. Woldegiyorgis 26 International Students and Diaspora Roots/Routes  Annette Bamberger PART 4: Private Higher Education Introduction to Part 4 27 Private Higher Education Globally—A Distant Second Place?  Daniel C. Levy 28 The Quiet Global Revolution of Elite Private Higher Education  Philip G. Altbach 29 Family-Owned Universities: Fit for the Twenty-First Century?  Edward Choi, Philip G. Altbach, Hans de Wit and Matt R. Allen 30 Private vs. Public Funding for Higher Education  Philip G. Altbach, Hans de Wit and Ayenachew A. Woldegiyorgis 31 Private Higher Education in Egypt—From Necessary Evil to Celebrated Player  Ghada Barsoum 32 Private Higher Education in a Dominantly Public Sector—The Case of Germany  Barbara M. Kehm 33 Vietnam—Public–Private Higher Education Debates in a Communist State  Quang Chau 34 Romania—Public–Private Divide in a Dual-Track System  Georgiana Mihut 35 Argentina’s Private Universities—Stringent Regulation of a Small but Consolidated Sector  Dante J. Salto 36 For-Profit Higher Education in Latin America—Exception or Precursor?  Dante J. Salto and Daniel C. Levy PART 5: Research, Dissemination and Doctoral Education Introduction to Part 5 37 World Research—Networking, Growth, and Diversification  Simon Marginson 38 Missing from UNESCO’s Roadmap for the Future—The Research Mission of Universities  Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit 39 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Research  Xin Xu 40 Research Evaluation—Unraveling the Metrics-Driven Pressures  Emanuel Kulczycki 41 Too Much Academic Research Is Being Published  Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit 42 Knowledge Production for All  Alma Maldonado-Maldonado and Jenny J. Lee 43 Publish or Perish  Maria Yudkevich 44 Does International Publishing Still Matter for China’s Social Sciences Scholars?  Qiang Zha 45 Exponential Growth of Higher Education Research and the Challenges for Peer Review  Marco Seeber 46 Doctoral Education: Global Perspectives  Victor Rudakov and Maria Yudkevich 47 Undervaluing Doctoral Education Post COVID  Tessa DeLaquil and Lizhou Wang 48 What Is a PhD Useful for?  Cláudia S. Sarrico 49 China’s Academic Profession Hit by “Involution”  Qiang Zha PART 6: Funding and Fees Introduction to Part 6 50 Performance Funding as Neoliberal Policy  Rebecca S. Natow and Kevin J. Dougherty 51 Does Performance-Based Funding Work? A European Perspective  Ben Jongbloed and Ariane de Gayardon 52 Free Higher Education—On and Off the Agenda with the Political Tide  Ariane de Gayardon 53 The Allure of Free Tuition  John Aubrey Douglass 54 Rethinking International Fees and Global Partnerships  Adam Habib 55 Needed—Financing Policies That Are Both Affordable and Sustainable  Arthur M. Hauptman PART 7: Other Trends in International Higher Education Introduction to Part 7 56 The Widening Space of Postsecondary Education  Dirk Van Damme 57 Is Employability Displacing Higher Education?  Simon Marginson 58 North–South Cooperation in Higher Education—Revisiting International Aid Flows  Francesc Pedró 59 Can Academic Corruption Be Eradicated?  Liz Reisberg 60 Global Liberal Education: Contradictory Trends and Heightened Controversy  Mary-Ellen Boyle 61 Where Is Value in Digital Higher Education—From Commodities to Assets  Janja Komljenovic 62 Too Many People Left Behind—The Crucial Importance of TVET  Ellen Hazelkorn 63 STEERing into the Swerve—Adjusting to the Challenges and Opportunities Forced by COVID-19  Roberta Malee Bassett 64 Impact of COVID-19 on Higher Education from an Equity Perspective  Jamil Salmi 65 “Futurology” and Higher Education in the Post-COVID-19 Environment  William Locke 66 Rankings and the Public Good Role of Higher Education  Ellen Hazelkorn 67 Measuring Education Quality in Global Rankings—What’s the Likelihood?  Philip G. Altbach and Ellen Hazelkorn 68 Tertiary Education Is Indispensable to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals  Jamil Salmi 69 Can We Measure Universities’ Impact on Climate Change?  Tristan McCowan 70 Higher Education and the SDG s in Africa—More of the Same?  Damtew Teferra PART 8: Regional Developments and Trends Introduction to Part 8 71 Differentiation and Diversification in Emerging African Higher Education  Patrício V. Langa 72 Why Latin America Needs World-Class Universities  Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi 73 Realism about Indian Higher Education  Philip G. Altbach 74 European Higher Education—Looking Back, Looking Forward  Andrée Sursock 75 The European Universities Initiative: Championing Excellence and Inclusion?  Lee Rensimer and Rachel Brooks 76 The Transformation of Post-Soviet Higher Education Systems  Dana Abdrasheva and Emma Sabzalieva 77 Many Arab Professors Lose Interest in Academia  Rasha Faek PART 9: Mobility Trends in Transnational Education Introduction to Part 9 78 Metatrends in Mobility—Education Hubs and the New Multipolar Structure of International Student Mobility  Chris R. Glass and Natalie I. Cruz 79 International Students in Non-Anglophone Countries: Challenges and Opportunities  Hans de Wit and Lizhou Wang 80 Education Agents and Their Work with Universities  Vincenzo Raimo, Iona Yuelu Huang and Eddie West 81 The Challenges of Attracting and Retaining International Faculty  Wondwosen Tamrat 82 Broadening Our Understanding of “International Academic Staff”—Nationality as a New Marker of Diversity  Giulio Marini 83 Definitions of Transnational Higher Education  Stephen Wilkins 84 Rethinking the Relevance of International Branch Campuses  Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit 85 International Branch Campuses—Success Factors  Richard Garrett 86 International Branch Campuses—Current Trends and Future Possibilities  Stephen Wilkins 87 The Future of UK Universities’ Transnational Education Engagement  Janet Ilieva and Vangelis Tsiligiris PART 10: Trends in Internationalization of Higher Education Introduction to Part 10 88 Internationalization in Higher Education—Critical Reflections on Its Conceptual Evolution  Hans de Wit 89 Not Your Parents’ Internationalization—Next Generation Perspectives  Laura E. Rumbley and Douglas Proctor 90 Globally Engaged and Locally Relevant—Revisiting Higher Education  Janet Ilieva and Vangelis Tsiligiris 91 China’s Internationalization of Higher Education—The Barrier Within  Rui Yang 92 Internationalization in Isolation: COVID-19 Implications  Daniela Crăciun and Ariane de Gayardon 93 Internationalization of Higher Education and the Future of the Planet  Laura E. Rumbley 94 Forced Internationalization of Higher Education—An Emerging Phenomenon  Hakan Ergin, Hans de Wit and Betty Leask 95 How Can We Extend the Boundaries of Our Own Knowing?  Betty Leask 96 COIL as a Way to Enhance Internationalization—Balancing Evidence and Proliferation  Maia Gelashvili and Gerardo Blanco 97 Internationalization of Medical Education—Concepts and Approaches for Action  Anette Wu 98 The Unstoppable Spread of English in the Global University  Rosemary Salomone 99 National Policies and the Role of English in Higher Education  Xinyan Liu 100 Globalization of English Language and Culture—Let’s Change English Language Instruction  Gareth Humphreys