New readings are starred. ; Preface ; Part I: Philosophy ; Introduction ; Logical Toolkit ; Writing Philosophy Papers ; 1. Bertrand Russell, "The Value of Philosophy" ; 2. Plato, "Apology: Defence of Socrates" ; Part II: God and Evil ; A. Why Believe? ; 3. St. Anselm, "The Ontological Argument" ; 4. St. Thomas Aquinas, "The Existence of God" ; 5. William Paley, "Natural Theology" ; 6. Blaise Pascal, "The Wager" ; B. The Problem of Evil ; 7. David Hume, "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion" ; 8. Gottfried Leibniz, "God, Evil, and the Best of All Possible Worlds" ; 9. John Perry, "Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God" ; *10. Marilyn Adams, "Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God" ; *11. Steward Sutherland, "Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God" ; *12. Eleonore Stump, "The Mirror of Evil" ; *13. Louise Antony, "For the Love of Reason" ; Part III: Knowledge and Reality ; A. Descartes and the Problems of Skepticism ; 14. Rene Descartes, "Meditations on First Philosophy" ; 15. Christopher Grau, "Bad Dreams, Evil Demons, and the Experience Machine: Philosophy and The Matrix" ; 16. Robert Nozick, "Excerpt from Philosophical Explanations" ; B. Hume's Problems and Some Solutions ; 17. David Hume, "Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses" ; 18. David Hume, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" ; 19. W. C. Salmon, "The Problem of Induction" ; Part IV: Minds, Bodies, and Persons ; A. The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body ; 20. Bertrand Russell, "The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds" ; 21. Gilbert Ryle, "Descartes's Myth" ; 22. David M. Armstrong, "The Nature of Mind" ; 23. Paul M. Churchland, "Eliminative Materialism" ; 24. Frank Jackson, "What Mary Didn't Know" ; B. Minds, Brains, and Machines ; 25. A. M. Turing, "Computing Machines and Intelligence" ; 26. John R. Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs" ; C. Personal Identity ; 27. John Perry, "A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality" ; 28. Bernard Williams, "The Self and the Future" ; 29. Derek Parfit, "Personal Identity" ; 30. J. David Velleman, "So It Goes" ; 31. Daniel Dennett, "Where Am I?" ; D. Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility ; 32. Roderick M. Chisholm, "Human Freedom and the Self" ; 33. Peter van Inwagen, "The Powers of Rational Beings: Freedom of the Will" ; 34. David Hume, "On Liberty and Necessity" ; 35. Harry Frankfurt, "Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility" ; 36. John Martin Fischer, "Responsiveness and Moral Responsibility" ; 37. Harry Frankfurt, "Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person" ; *38. Gary Watson,"Free Agency" ; *39. Susan Wolf, "Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility" ; Part V: Ethics and Society ; A. Utilitarianism ; 40. Jeremy Bentham, "The Principle of Utility" ; 41. John Stuart Mill, "Utilitarianism" ; 42. E. F. Carritt, "Criticisms of Utilitarianism" ; 43. J. J. C. Smart, "Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism" ; 44. Bernard Williams, "Utilitarianism and Integrity" ; 45. Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" ; B. Kantian Ethics ; 46. Immanuel Kant, "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals" ; 47. J. David Velleman, "A Brief Introduction to Kantian Ethics" ; 48. Onora O'Neill, "Kantian Approaches to some Famine Problems" ; C. Aristotelian Ethics ; 49. Aristotle, "Nicomachean Ethics" ; 50. Rosalind Hursthouse, "Right Action" ; D. Justice and Equality ; 51. John Rawls, "A Theory of Justice" ; 52. Robert Nozick, "Justice and Entitlement" ; 53. G. A. Cohen, "Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice" ; 54. John Stuart Mill, "The Subjection of Women" ; *55. Annette Baier, "The Need for More than Justice" ; E. Contemporary Moral Problems ; *56. Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion" ; *57. Rosalind Hursthouse, "Thomson's Arguments" ; 58. Debra Satz, "Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor" ; 59. Kwame Anthony Appiah, "Racisms" ; *60. Linda Martin Alcoff, "Racism and Visible Race" ; F. Challenges to Morality ; 61. Plato, "The Republic" ; 62. David Hume, "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals" ; 63. David Gauthier, "Morality and Advantage" ; 64. J. L. Mackie, "The Subjectivity of Values" ; 65. Gilbert Harmon, "Ethics and Observation" ; 66. Nicholas L. Sturgeon, "Moral Explanations" ; Part VI: Existential Issues ; 67. Albert Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus" ; 68. Thomas Nagel, "The Absurd" ; 69. Richard Taylor, "The Meaning of Human Existence" ; 70. Susan Wolf, "The Meanings of Lives" ; 71. Thomas Nagel, "Death" ; 72. Anthony L. Brueckner and John Martin Fischer, "Why is Death Bad?" ; *73. Dan Moller, "Love and Death" ; Part VII: Puzzles and Paradoxes ; A. Zeno's Paradoxes ; Achilles and the Tortoise ; The Racecourse ; The Argument Against Plurality ; B. Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles and Paradoxes ; The Paradox of Identity ; The Paradox of the Heap ; The Surprise Examination ; Goodman's New Riddle of Induction ; C. Puzzles of Rational Choice ; The Prisoner's Dilemma ; Newcomb's Problem ; Kavka's Toxin Puzzle ; Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer ; D. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics ; The Paradox of the Liar ; Other Versions of the Liar ; Russell's Paradox ; Grelling's Paradox ; E. Puzzles of Ethics ; The Trolley Problem ; Ducking Harm and Sacrificing Others ; Glossary of Philosophical Terms
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